The U.S. International Trade Commission to Review Decision on Motorized Self-Balancing Vehicles Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) announced it will review a decision regarding motorized self-balancing vehicles. This decision was made by an administrative law judge who found that certain companies violated Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The companies involved include Gotrax and Tao Motor from China. The case started after a complaint was filed by Razor USA LLC and Shane Chen. They claimed that the companies imported and sold products that infringed on their patents. The patents involved are U.S. Patent No. RE46,964 and U.S. Patent No. RE49,608. The ITC is asking for written submissions on specific issues. They want to hear from the parties involved in the case. They also want input from government agencies and the public. The ITC is focusing on whether the products affected a domestic industry in the U.S. This involves checking economic investments made by Razor USA LLC. The ITC has several questions about the investments and industry activities. They want detailed answers about manufacturing and product development. The law allows the ITC to issue orders to prevent unfair imports. They can issue an exclusion order, stopping products from entering the U.S. They can also issue cease and desist orders, preventing further sales of infringing products. The ITC must also consider the public interest before making a decision. This includes looking at the effect of any orders on public health, competition, and consumer choices. If the ITC makes an order, the U.S. Trade Representative has 60 days to review or change it. During this time, products may enter the U.S. under a bond. The ITC is inviting written submissions about what kind of remedy should be ordered. They need submissions by June 29, 2026, and replies by July 6, 2026. Submissions are limited in page length. Anyone submitting documents must follow specific procedures. Confidential documents should be clearly marked and handled accordingly. This review by the ITC shows the importance of fair trade practices and protection of intellectual property. The outcome could impact how certain electronic products are sold and imported into the U.S. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

USITC to Review ALJ Decision on Patent Infringement Case Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced a significant decision in an ongoing investigation. The investigation, identified as No. 337-TA-1489, concerns certain laptops, routers, gateways, and their components. The Commission has chosen to review part of an initial determination by an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). This decision involves amending an existing complaint. The complaint was initially filed by AX Wireless, LLC, a company based in Austin, Texas. The company alleges that several respondents have infringed on specific claims of U.S. Patent No. 10,917,272, known as the ‘272 patent. The respondents include ASUSTeK Computer Inc., ASUS Computer International, Inc., TP-Link Systems Inc., and Ubiquiti Inc. On June 12, 2026, the Commission voted to affirm the ALJ’s decision, with a modification. This modification amends both the complaint and the notice of investigation. The amendment adds allegations of infringement concerning additional claims of the ‘272 patent. These claims are numbered 7, 9, 10, and 20. Previously, on April 23, 2026, AX Wireless had filed a motion to amend the complaint to include these dependent claims. The respondents and the Office of Unfair Import Investigations opposed this motion, suggesting more time is needed for the new claims. The ALJ granted the motion on May 19, 2026. The ALJ found good cause for including all relevant claims in one investigation. The investigation is still early, as the evidentiary hearing is ten months away. Thus, there is no prejudice to the respondents. The USITC has amended the documents to reflect these changes. This decision is made under authority provided by section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and the Commission’s Rules of Practice and Procedure. For further details, Houda Morad, Esq. at the USITC can be contacted. Non-confidential documents related to this investigation are available online. The USITC’s TDD terminal can provide more information for hearing-impaired individuals. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

US International Trade Commission Schedules Investigation on Van-Type Trailers Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the final phase schedule for its investigation into van-type trailers and their subassemblies from Canada, China, and Mexico. The investigation, numbered 701-TA-781-782 and 731-TA-1767-1769, seeks to determine if US industries are harmed by these imports. It is also to check if these imports are sold cheaper than they should be. The investigation will review if trailers from Canada, China, and Mexico are supported by subsidies, making them cheaper in the US market. The US Department of Commerce found that China and Mexico may be giving subsidies to their exporters. But, the investigation for Canada was stopped. For the case, the USITC defines van-type trailers as those with a large closed space to carry goods. They usually have a front section, side walls, a floor, a roof, and connection systems for towing. Subassemblies like frames, walls, doors, and parts for towing and braking are all part of the investigation. Even if any of these parts are missing, the trailer is still part of this case. Some parts, especially from China covered under another investigation, are not part of this one. The USITC investigation started after a petition from the American Trailer Manufacturers Coalition in November 2025. Members include Great Dane LLC, Stoughton Trailers LLC, and Wabash National Corporation. Those wanting more details, or to participate in the case, can check the USITC’s rules. Key dates include a hearing on August 20, 2026, and deadlines for legal submissions in August 2026. Further information for the public is available electronically through the USITC’s systems and their website. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Receives Complaint Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has received a new complaint. It is about certain convertible child highchairs. The complaint was filed by Kids2, LLC on June 12, 2026. Details of the Complaint The complaint mentions violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. It accuses some companies of importing and selling certain highchairs into the United States. These activities are considered unlawful if they violate section 337. The companies named in the complaint are: Graco Children’s Products Inc. of Atlanta, GA. Newell Brands Distribution LLC of Newville, PA. Newell Brands Inc. of Atlanta, GA. Newell Brands Canada ULC of Canada. Baby Trend, Inc. of Fontana, CA. Kids2, LLC wants the USITC to stop these companies. They are asking for a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders. They also want a bond imposed on the companies’ products during the review period by the President. Public Comments Requested The USITC is asking for public comments. They want to learn about any public interest issues related to the complaint. These comments will help them make the right decision. Comments should focus on: How the highchairs are used in the United States. Any concerns about public health, safety, or welfare. Other products made in the U.S. that could replace the highchairs. Whether Kids2, LLC and others can make enough highchairs to meet demand. The effect on U.S. consumers if the highchairs are not available. People and organizations have eight days to send their comments after this notice is published. This is important for those interested in the case. Submission Guidelines Comments should not be longer than five pages. They should mention “Docket No. 3913” clearly. The comments must be filed electronically through the Commission’s system, EDIS. No paper documents will be accepted. Instructions on how to file electronically are available in the Handbook for Electronic Filing Procedures. Confidential Information If someone wants to send confidential information, they need to ask for special treatment. The request must explain why confidentiality is needed. Next Steps There will be more chances to comment after a decision is made. The USITC will continue investigating until a final decision is reached. This action follows the rules of the Tariff Act of 1930 and the USITC’s own rules. The Secretary to the Commission, Lisa Barton, issued this notice on June 15, 2026. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Termination of Investigation on Van-Type Trailers from Canada Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes On June 5, 2026, the U.S. Department of Commerce decided to end its investigation into van-type trailers and subassemblies from Canada. This happened after the petitioner withdrew the complaint on May 27, 2026. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) has now also ended its own investigation. This investigation was labeled as No. 701-TA-780 (Final). Both of these decisions mean that there will be no countervailing duties placed on these trailers from Canada. The public can view this decision on the ITC’s website. They can also access the electronic docket for more details. If anyone needs help or special assistance, they can contact the Office of the Secretary. The authority for this decision comes from the Tariff Act of 1930. It also follows the Commission’s rules and procedures. Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission, signed the official order. For further information, people can contact Peter Stebbins at the U.S. International Trade Commission. Hearing-impaired individuals can use the TDD terminal. This decision was officially filed on June 16, 2026, under Billing Code 7020-02-P. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Reviews Phosphate Fertilizers Estimated reading time: 1–3 minutes What is Happening? The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has made an important announcement. The agency decided to conduct full reviews on phosphate fertilizers. These fertilizers come from Morocco and Russia. The USITC will look into whether removing certain duties, called countervailing duty orders, would cause harm. These duties are on phosphate fertilizers from Morocco and Russia. The commission wants to see if this change could hurt the U.S. industry. What is Countervailing Duty? A countervailing duty is a tax on imports. This tax helps to level the playing field for domestic producers against foreign producers who get government help. If the commission cancels these duties, they must check if it hurts the U.S. producers. Important Dates The review process was announced on June 5, 2026. The USITC will set a schedule for the reviews. People interested should look out for this information. Who to Contact? For more details, you can contact Camille Bryan at the USITC. The phone number is 202-205-2811. If you have trouble hearing, there is help on 202-205-1810. More Information The commission’s rules and practices can be seen online. You can visit their website at www.usitc.gov. Public records are available at their electronic docket, EDIS, which you can access at edis.usitc.gov. Conclusion The USITC’s decision is important for both domestic and international producers. The reviews will help decide whether the U.S. market needs the protection of these duties. The USITC aims to maintain fair trade practices. Issued By This update is issued by Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission. The announcement was made on June 15, 2026. For more information, keep an eye on official notices from the USITC. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Tesla Gets Approval to Join Solar Cell Trade Investigation Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes On June 15, 2026, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) made an important decision. Tesla, Inc. is now allowed to join an investigation. This investigation is about certain TOPCon solar cells and other related products. What is the Investigation About? The investigation is looking into products that might be breaking U.S. trade laws. These products are being brought into the U.S. and sold. The ITC wants to find out if they are copying a U.S. patent. Who Started the Investigation? First Solar, Inc., a company from Phoenix, Arizona, started this investigation. They believe that some companies are infringing on a U.S. patent. This patent is for certain kinds of solar cells and panels. Who Are the Companies Involved? Many companies from different countries are involved in this investigation. Some are from the U.S., China, Canada, Germany, and other places. They make and sell solar products that might be using the patent without permission. Tesla’s Role in the Investigation Tesla wanted to join the investigation. They asked the ITC if they could be part of it. On April 28, 2026, Tesla filed a request. They wanted to help look into these solar products. What Did the ITC Decide? The ITC agreed to let Tesla join the investigation. This decision was made by the administrative law judge on May 11, 2026. No one disagreed with this decision. Other Details The ITC’s rules and the Tariff Act of 1930 guide this investigation. These rules help make sure companies follow U.S. trade laws. The ITC made this decision official on June 10, 2026. What Happens Next? Now that Tesla can join the investigation, the ITC will continue its work. They will look closely at the solar products in question. They want to see if any laws have been broken. This investigation is important for protecting U.S. inventions. It ensures that companies do not use ideas without permission. The ITC will keep working to find the truth in this case. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Starts Investigation on Memory Chips Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has begun an investigation. This is related to certain NAND and DRAM memory chips and products that have these chips. The investigation was started because of a complaint by MonolithIC 3D Inc. from Allen, Texas. The complaint was filed on May 11, 2026. MonolithIC 3D Inc. says that some companies are breaking the rules. They claim these companies are bringing memory chips into the United States that infringe on their patents. A patent is a government license that gives a person or company the right to stop others from making or selling an invention. The complaint mentions several specific U.S. patents. These are U.S. Patent No. 12,250,830; U.S. Patent No. 12,362,330; U.S. Patent No. 12,400,961; U.S. Patent No. 12,464,734; and U.S. Patent No. 12,564,006. The USITC wants to check if these patents are being violated. The investigation will look at whether the accused products are being brought into the United States, sold for importation, or sold in the U.S. after they have been imported. The investigation started on June 10, 2026. The investigation will also check if there is an industry in the U.S. being harmed or just getting started because of this issue. The accused products mainly include 3D NAND memory chips and HBM DRAM memory chips. These chips are used in products like SSDs and flash memory products. The companies that are being investigated include KIOXIA Holdings Corporation and its related branches in the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan. SK hynix Inc. and its branches in the U.S. and Korea are also being investigated. These companies have to respond to the complaint within 20 days. If they don’t respond, they might lose the right to defend themselves. This could result in orders that stop them from bringing or selling their products in the U.S. The Chief Administrative Law Judge will pick a judge to oversee the investigation. This is an important investigation. It involves technology companies and memory chips that are used in many devices today. The USITC is acting to make sure that patent laws are not being broken. The information on this case can be found online. It is publicly available for those who want to learn more. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Starts New Investigation into GPU and DPU Technologies Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the start of a new investigation. This investigation is about certain computing systems. It involves GPU and DPU technologies and their components. These are important parts used in many tech products today. The investigation began on June 9, 2026. It started because of a complaint filed on May 8, 2026. Xockets, Inc., a company from Temple, Texas, made this complaint. They believe there is an unfair trade practice happening. They say some companies have violated section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. This law is important because it helps control how and what we trade with other countries. The companies involved in this case are NVIDIA Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Amazon.com, Inc., Amazon Web Services, Inc., and Annapurna Labs (U.S.), Inc. These companies are famous for making and selling tech products. Xockets, Inc. claims these companies are using some of their patents without permission. Patents are like special protections for inventions or new ideas. The patents in this case include U.S. Patents No. 10,223,297 and No. 9,378,161 among others. Xockets wants the USITC to stop these companies from importing and selling certain products in the United States. The products in question are described as “rack-scale GPU computing systems.” These systems use network switches and hardware acceleration. They help make computing faster and more efficient. The Commission will now look into these claims. They will check if there really is a violation. The investigation will also see if an industry is being harmed or about to be harmed by these actions. Responses from the companies mentioned are due within 20 days. They must tell their side of the story to the Commission. If they do not respond, it could lead to serious actions against them. This might include stopping them from importing some products into the United States. The USITC’s Office of Unfair Import Investigations will be involved too. They help ensure fair trade. Pathenia M. Proctor can be contacted for more details at (202) 205-2560. This is a significant step for Xockets, Inc. and a big case for the USITC. The result of this investigation could impact how GPU and DPU technologies are used and traded in the future. This is an ongoing story. We will update with more information as it becomes available. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

United States International Trade Commission to Conduct Full Reviews on Aluminum Sheet Imports Estimated reading time: 2–3 minutes United States International Trade Commission to Conduct Full Reviews on Aluminum Sheet Imports The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced an important decision regarding the future of aluminum imports. On June 5, 2026, the Commission stated it will carry out full reviews on the common alloy aluminum sheet (CAAS) imports. These reviews are essential to evaluate if ending the current trade duties on CAAS from specific countries would cause harm to the United States industry. Countries Affected The countries involved include Bahrain, Brazil, Croatia, Egypt, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Oman, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, and Turkey. The Commission intends to investigate whether lifting countervailing and antidumping duty orders would lead to continued problems for U.S. businesses. Importance of the Reviews The purpose of these reviews is to consider the potential impact on U.S. industries if the orders are revoked. The orders are in place to protect domestic companies from unfair competition due to subsidized pricing and dumping practices by foreign producers. Contact Information for Further Details For additional information, contact Laurel Schwartz at the Office of Investigations, phone number 202-205-2398. More details are available on the Commission’s website and electronic docket at USITC.gov. Hearing-impaired persons can access information through the TDD terminal at 202-205-1810. Administrative Details The decision to proceed with full reviews is based on the Tariff Act of 1930. The respondent group response from Bahrain was adequate, convincing the Commission to review these imports thoroughly. For other countries, the response was inadequate, yet full reviews will still be conducted to ensure fairness and efficiency. This announcement was published with the authority of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930, under the Commission’s rules. By order of the Commission, it was issued on June 9, 2026, by Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission. Conclusion The full reviews are critical for ensuring that the U.S. maintains a fair trade environment for its domestic industries while assessing the impact of international trade practices. The findings will guide future decisions regarding trade duty orders on aluminum sheet imports from these countries. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Federal Register: Expedited Review of Large Vertical Shaft Engines from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes June 12, 2026 – The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced an expedited review of antidumping duty and countervailing duty orders concerning large vertical shaft engines imported from China. The review process is informed by the Tariff Act of 1930. The goal is to determine if revoking these duties would likely lead to continued or renewed harm to the U.S. industry within a foreseeable future. On May 8, 2026, the Commission decided that responses from U.S. parties who are interested in these reviews were adequate. However, responses from Chinese parties were inadequate. Therefore, the USITC will conduct an expedited review instead of a full review. Key dates and procedural rules govern this review. A detailed staff report will be available on July 7, 2026, for those with access to the Administrative Protective Order service list. A public version will follow. All interested parties can submit written comments by July 14, 2026. These should not include new facts. Should the Department of Commerce take more time to finalize its own review, comments will be due three business days after their final results are issued. Comments with sensitive business information must follow rules set by the USITC. The Commission’s Handbook on Filing Procedures provides further guidance on these requirements. All documents filed must be served on other review parties, and a certificate of service is required for each filing. The review is classified as extraordinarily complicated. The Commission has extended the review period by up to 90 days. This action is within the Commission’s authority under the Tariff Act of 1930. For more information, contact Rachel Devenney at the USITC, or visit their website. By Order of the Commission Issued: June 10, 2026 Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission This summary provides a snapshot of the expedited review process, ensuring industry participants and the public are informed about the ongoing investigation and its timelines. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Launches New Investigation Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has started a new investigation. This investigation is about certain oil vaporizing devices and their components. These products are involved in an ongoing case. The investigation, called “Investigation No. 337-TA-1392,” is under the enforcement section. It focuses on companies named STIIIZY and ALD. These companies may not have followed previous orders that told them to stop certain actions. These orders were made on January 20, 2026. In March 2024, a company called PAX Labs, Inc. filed a complaint. They said that STIIIZY and ALD were infringing on their patents. These patents include U.S. Patent Nos. 11,369,756, 11,766,527, 11,369,757, and 11,759,580. The complaint was about devices being imported and sold in the U.S. that violated these patents. PAX Labs also claimed that STIIIZY and ALD were hurting a domestic industry. In January 2026, the USITC found that these companies violated the law. They issued orders to stop their actions and included a 100% bond requirement. On May 19, 2026, PAX filed another complaint. They said STIIIZY and ALD are still importing and selling these products. They asked for another enforcement proceeding. The USITC agreed that this request meets all requirements. The commission has assigned a Chief Administrative Law Judge to handle this case. They will look into whether the companies violated any orders. Then, they will decide on the necessary enforcement actions. The authority for these actions comes from section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The USITC’s rules also provide guidance. The commission’s vote for this decision took place on June 5, 2026. Lisa Barton, the Secretary of the Commission, is responsible for this order. The Federal Register will publish the full notice, including the related orders. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

US International Trade Commission Investigates Smart Devices Patent Infringement Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission has announced an investigation into certain smart devices. This follows a complaint filed on May 6, 2026, by Cerence Operating Company from Burlington, Massachusetts. The complaint alleges infringement of certain patents. The complaint cites the importation and sale of smart devices infringing on U.S. Patent No. 8,306,815; U.S. Patent No. 9,203,972; U.S. Patent No. 8,320,575; U.S. Patent No. 11,929,073; and U.S. Patent No. 8,355,484. It claims violations of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The investigation’s focus is on smart speakers, smart displays, smart televisions, tablets, and smart streaming devices. Cerence Operating Company asserts these products infringe specific patent claims. It also states there is a related industry in the United States. The complaint seeks a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders. The U.S. International Trade Commission has designated a Chief Administrative Law Judge to oversee the investigation. Named respondents are Amazon.com, Inc. and Amazon.com Services, LLC, both based in Seattle, Washington. They are alleged to have violated Section 337. Responses to the complaint must be submitted within 20 days of service. Failure to respond may result in a waiver of the right to contest the allegations. It could also lead to an exclusion order or a cease and desist order against the respondents. For more information, the complaint and investigation notice are available electronically. Concerns or questions can be directed to the U.S. International Trade Commission. The U.S. International Trade Commission’s action is authorized by Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The official investigation scope was ordered on June 5, 2026. Secretary Lisa Barton issued the order of investigation. This is a significant development in the tech world as it involves major companies and could impact the U.S. market for smart devices. Various smart products fall under this investigation, potentially affecting consumers and manufacturers. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

USITC Announces Final Phase of Investigations on High Purity Dissolving Pulp from Brazil and Norway Estimated reading time: 3–4 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the final phase schedule for investigations concerning high purity dissolving pulp (HPDP) from Brazil and Norway. These investigations aim to determine if the U.S. industry is harmed or threatened by these imports. These investigations focus on both antidumping and countervailing duties. The Department of Commerce previously found that high purity dissolving pulp from Brazil and Norway is subsidized and sold at less-than-fair-value. The item in question falls under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States subheading 4702.00.00. High purity dissolving pulp is defined as having an alpha cellulose percentage of 90 percent or higher. The product must also have a brightness level of 90 percent or above. This type of pulp can come from different sources, such as hardwoods, softwoods, or agricultural byproducts. The pulp may be shipped in various forms, including flakes, powder, granules, or sheets. However, some kinds of dissolving pulp are excluded from these investigations. For example, pulp with an intrinsic viscosity under 455 milliliters per gram is not included. Cotton linter pulp is also excluded if it consists of at least 90 percent cotton linters fibers. The investigations were requested by Rayonier Advanced Materials, Inc., along with the United Steelworkers Union. They filed petitions on August 12, 2025. The investigations will follow the rules set out in the Tariff Act of 1930. For more information, parties can contact Julie Duffy at the USITC or access the public record through the USITC’s electronic docket system, EDIS. Participation in the investigations and appearing at the hearing require an entry of appearance with the Secretary to the Commission. The hearing in this case is scheduled for October 8, 2026. Detailed rules govern written submissions, staff reports, and the handling of business proprietary information. The final date for post-hearing briefs is October 15, 2026. All written submissions must meet specific requirements as outlined in the Commission’s rules. The investigation is conducted under the authority of Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930. The notice was published by Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission, and is available in Volume 91, Issue 111 of the Federal Register. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Federal Register Notice: Expedited Reviews on Corrosion Inhibitors from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes On June 10, 2026, the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) announced a new schedule for reviewing certain trade measures. These reviews are about corrosion inhibitors from China. The Commission wants to know if stopping current duties will harm U.S. industries. These reviews are called “expedited” because the Commission believes they can be completed quickly. This decision is based on a certain trade law called the Tariff Act of 1930. The focus is on whether removing current duties will lead to more harm or injury to U.S. businesses. The dates to remember are important. The USITC made a key decision on May 8, 2026. The team looked at responses from parties involved and found some responses were “adequate” and others were not. Because of this, the Commission decided a faster review was best. The information for these reviews is gathered by experts and will be shared. The staff report is a key document that will be available by June 30, 2026. This report will have important details about the corrosion inhibitors issue. People involved can see this on a special list. Comments are welcome. Parties who are allowed to give their opinions must submit them by July 7, 2026. These comments help the Commission decide what to do. However, comments can’t have new facts if someone is just submitting a statement. If the Department of Commerce needs more time, there might be a new deadline. There are rules for how to submit these documents. People must serve each document to all other parties involved in the reviews. And each submission needs a certificate of service to be accepted. The Commission has also decided that these reviews are a bit complex. They have the option to take more time, up to 90 days, if needed. The authority for these tasks comes from the Tariff Act of 1930. This notice was officially published in the Federal Register. Lisa Barton, the Secretary to the Commission, issued the order on June 8, 2026. The reference for this is [FR Doc. 2026-11622] filed on June 9, 2026, at 8:45 am. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Updates on Synthetic Braiding Hair Case Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) announced on June 10, 2026, a decision regarding a case about synthetic braiding hair. On September 9, 2024, JBS Hair from Atlanta, GA filed a complaint. They said that some companies were infringing on their patents. These patents are for pre-stretched synthetic braiding hair and their packaging in the U.S. Vivace, Inc., doing business as Dae Do Inc., was one of the companies named in the complaint. The USITC found Vivace in default on February 24, 2025. This means Vivace did not respond to the complaint. Because of this, the USITC issued orders to stop Vivace and other default companies from importing certain products. This decision was made on September 29, 2025. After some time, JBS Hair filed another complaint against Vivace on December 18, 2025. They asked the USITC to start a new investigation. The USITC agreed and started this on January 22, 2026. Later, JBS Hair asked to change the name in their complaint. They wanted to change it from “Vivace, Inc. d/b/a Dae Do Inc.” to “Dae Do Inc. d/b/a Vivace.” The USITC agreed to this change on May 7, 2026. On June 8, 2026, the USITC decided not to review this change again. This means the name change is final. This case is under section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The USITC uses this rule to protect U.S. industries from unfair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Investigates Pre-Stretched Synthetic Braiding Hair Estimated reading time: 3 minutes Date: 2026-06-10 The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) is conducting an investigation into certain pre-stretched synthetic braiding hair and its packaging. This comes after a ruling by the presiding administrative law judge. The judge issued an Initial Determination on the violation of Section 337. This section concerns unfair practices in import trade, particularly involving intellectual property rights. The USITC is now seeking public input. The public’s opinion is important in determining whether certain products should be banned from entering the United States. This includes considering the effects on public health, the economy, and consumers. Specifically, they are looking at imports by companies like Sun Taiyang Co., Ltd. (Outre), Beauty Elements Corporation (Bijouz), and several others. In addition, the Commission is looking at issuing a cease-and-desist order. This order targets Hair Zone, Inc. The aim is to stop them from selling the products involved after they have been imported. The public and government agencies can submit their comments until July 7, 2026. Submissions should discuss how the recommended remedial orders might affect the U.S. public. The Commission wants to know how the products subject to these orders are used in the U.S. Also, they are interested in public health concerns related to the orders. Furthermore, they seek details on similar products made in the U.S. that could replace the ones in question. They also want to know if these U.S. made products are readily available. The Commission emphasizes the importance of filing comments on time. People can file their comments electronically. They should mention the investigation number, 337-TA-1457, prominently. Questions about the filing process can be directed to the USITC Secretary. The investigation is under section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The Commission aims to protect U.S. consumers, businesses, and public interests in this process. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

USITC Announces Final Phase of Trade Investigations on Chromium Trioxide Imports Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the scheduling of the final phase of antidumping and countervailing duty investigations. This involves case numbers 701-TA-779 and 731-TA-1765-1766, focusing on chromium trioxide imports from India and Turkey. The Commission aims to determine if these imports are harming the US industry. This investigation is under the Tariff Act of 1930. Chromium trioxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrO3. It is often referred to as chromic acid in solution form. The investigations cover all forms of this chemical, whether solid or in solution form. The Department of Commerce initially found that manufacturers from India might be subsidizing these products. It also noted that products from both India and Turkey are sold in the US at less-than-fair-value. The investigations began after American Chrome & Chemicals, Inc., based in Pennsylvania, filed petitions in September 2025. The USITC will hold a hearing in Washington, D.C. on August 6, 2026. The prehearing staff report will be released on July 24, 2026. Interested parties should attend the prehearing conference, if necessary, on August 4, 2026. Parties must file written testimony and presentation slides by August 5, 2026. Prehearing briefs are due by July 31, 2026, and posthearing briefs by August 13, 2026. All filings must be made electronically through the Commission’s system at edis.usitc.gov. No paper filings will be accepted during this time. Individuals with questions should contact Laurel Schwartz at the Office of Investigations or visit usitc.gov for more information. The public can view records on the Commission’s electronic docket at edis.usitc.gov. By order of the Commission, Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission, issued the notice on June 3, 2026. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Updates on Clear Aligners Investigation Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes On June 8, 2026, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) announced a decision regarding an investigation about clear aligners. These aligners are devices used in orthodontics to straighten teeth. The investigation was started on December 29, 2025. Align Technology, Inc., a company from Tempe, Arizona, filed a complaint. They claimed that other companies sold clear aligners and parts made using their patented technologies. The patents in question are several U.S. Patents, including numbers `313, `314, `977, `616, and others. The companies being investigated are mainly from China. They include Angelalign Technology Inc. and Wuxi EA Medical Instruments, among others. There is also a company from Newark, Delaware involved. These companies are referred to as the Respondents. Align Technology sought to change its complaint. They wanted to add new claims of patent infringement. They also wanted to remove some original claims. On April 14, 2026, they filed a motion to make these changes. Respondents opposed this motion, saying Align had enough information when they first filed the complaint. On May 11, 2026, the Respondents filed a petition. They challenged the ITC’s decision that allowed Align to amend its complaint. Align filed a response on May 18, 2026. After reviewing all documents and submissions, the ITC decided not to review the decision further. This decision means that the investigation will continue with the new claims added. These include claims 24 from patent `313 and claim 28 from patent `314, among others. The ITC made this determination on June 3, 2026. They stated that these changes would make future processes more efficient. The investigation is governed by section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and related Rules of Practice. The ITC provided the authority for these actions, ensuring the investigation proceeds smoothly. They emphasized that this process aims to use resources wisely and maintain fairness. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

International Trade Commission Announces Expedited Review on Crepe Paper from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the scheduling of an expedited review. This review will determine if revoking the antidumping duty on crepe paper imported from China would lead to material harm again in the future. The USITC decided to conduct this review based on responses received by May 8, 2026. The domestic party response was adequate, but the response from the respondent party was not adequate. An expedited review is being conducted under the Tariff Act of 1930, specifically section 751(c)(3). The review aims to decide if material harm would occur if the antidumping duty is revoked. The staff report regarding this review will be available on June 10, 2026, for those under the Administrative Protective Order service list. A public version will be released later. Comments from interested parties in the review are due by June 17, 2026. These comments cannot contain new information. If the Department of Commerce extends its review, new deadlines for comments might be set. The USITC has stated this review is extraordinarily complicated. They may extend the review period by up to 90 days. Authority for this review falls under Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930. All documents must include a certificate of service. Issued on June 3, 2026, by order of Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

US International Trade Commission Issues Orders on Women’s Flats Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) has made a final decision in its investigation of certain women’s flats with colored outsoles. This decision is based on a violation of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The ITC found that certain products were infringing on multiple U.S. patents. The investigation began on December 18, 2024. Gavrieli Brands LLC of California filed a complaint. The complaint focused on several U.S. patents. These include D681,928, D844,951, D681,927, D686,812, and D688,853. The patents describe women’s flats with colored outsoles. The investigation named several respondents. These include companies from New York, the Philippines, and China. None of these companies responded to the charges. This led the ITC to find them in default. On July 23, 2025, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) found a violation of Section 337. The judge noted that some products were infringing various patent claims. The ALJ also recommended a General Exclusion Order (GEO) and a Limited Exclusion Order (LEO). On September 8, 2025, the ITC reviewed the judge’s findings. They agreed with most of the findings. They issued a GEO to prohibit the import of infringing products. They also issued an LEO against specific companies. The ITC set a bond of 100% for the value of the products during a review period. This ensures compliance with the orders. The investigation is now officially closed. The decision emphasizes the importance of respecting patent rights in trade. The ITC’s actions are to protect U.S. businesses and innovation. The Commission’s vote on the matter took place on June 3, 2026, and the orders were issued by Lisa Barton, the Secretary to the Commission. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Starts Investigation on Pickleball Paddles Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes Complaint Filed The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) has announced a new investigation. This started with a complaint filed on April 7, 2026. The complaint came from Sport Squad, Inc., also known as JOOLA, located in North Bethesda, Maryland. Allegations Made Sport Squad’s complaint is about pickleball paddles. They believe some companies are importing these paddles into the United States incorrectly. They say these paddles infringe on two of their patents. These patents are numbered 12,465,826 and 12,357,891. Sport Squad says that the paddles being imported use their patented technology without permission. This goes against section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. They have requested the ITC to start an investigation. They want to find out if these companies have broken the law. Companies Involved Many companies are named in this investigation. They include Franklin Sports, Inc., Proton Sports, Inc., Vegas Pickleball LLC, Engage Pickleball, LLC, and many others. These companies are located in various states including Massachusetts, Arizona, and Florida. What Sport Squad Wants Sport Squad wants the ITC to take serious action. They have asked for a limited exclusion order. This would stop the importation of these paddles. They also want cease and desist orders. This would make the companies stop the sale of these paddles in the United States. Important Dates The ITC has ordered an investigation as of June 4, 2026. The companies accused have 20 days to respond. They must follow the specific rules set by the ITC. If they do not respond in time, they might lose their chance to fight these claims. Conclusion This case is important for the pickleball industry in the United States. It involves patent rights and the legality of importing certain products. The ITC will now make decisions based on the investigation to see if the law was broken. For more details, all information about this case can be accessed on the ITC’s docket site. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Plans Expedited Review of Hand Trucks from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the scheduling of an expedited review. This review is about the antidumping duty order on hand trucks imported from China. The review aims to decide if stopping the antidumping duty order would cause harm to U.S. industries. This harm could happen again if the duty order is removed. The review process began on May 8, 2026. The USITC wants to check if the order is needed to protect U.S. industries. Alejandro Orozco is the contact person for more information. You can reach him at 202-205-3177. The commission also offers support for people who are hearing-impaired. They can use the TDD terminal at 202-205-1810. People with mobility issues can get help by contacting the Office of the Secretary at 202-205-2000. The USITC has stated that this expedited review follows the Tariff Act of 1930. This acts as a guideline for how reviews are carried out. A background note says the domestic responses to an earlier notice were good. However, the responses from China were not adequate. The commission will carry out this review quickly. Commissioner David S. Johanson thinks a full review would be better, but the quicker review will still happen. Reports about the review will be in the nonpublic record by July 15, 2026. A public version will come out later. Written comments about the review can be sent by July 22, 2026. These comments should not have any new facts. Documents need to be served to all parties in the review. A certificate of service must also be filed. The review is said to be complicated. The USITC may extend the time period for up to 90 days. This is allowed under 19 U.S.C. 1675(c)(5)(B). All this information is found under Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930. This notice was published on June 4, 2026, by Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission. The document number for this Federal Register notice is 2026-11465. It appeared on pages 34649-34650. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Receives New Complaint Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has received a new complaint. This complaint is about “Certain Vehicle Space Guards”. It is labeled as DN 3912. The Commission wants to hear from the public. They are asking for comments about the public’s interest. These comments should be about any issues raised by the complaint. Who to Contact for More Information If you need more information, you can contact Lisa R. Barton. She is the Secretary to the Commission. You can call her at (202) 205-2000. You can also visit the Commission’s internet server at www.usitc.gov. To see the public version of the complaint, go to https://edis.usitc.gov. Details About the Complaint The complaint was filed by Jonathan Black Kotyk on June 1, 2026. The complaint says there are violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. It states that some companies are breaking the law by importing, selling for importation, and selling certain vehicle space guards. These actions happen after the items are brought into the U.S. Who Are the Respondents? The complaint names several respondents: Drop Stop, LLC, from Los Angeles, CA The Container Store, from Coppell, TX Walmart, Inc., from Bentonville, AR 232 Technologies Inc., from Brooklyn, NY Sporty’s (Sportman’s Market Inc.), from Batavia, OH What Does the Complaint Ask For? The complainant wants the Commission to take action. He wants a general exclusion order and a limited exclusion order. He also wants cease and desist orders. During the 60-day Presidential review period, he wants a bond imposed on the respondents’ supposed infringing articles. Call for Public Comments The Commission is inviting comments from the public. They want to know about any public interest issues related to this complaint. Comments are needed about how the requested orders might affect: Public health and welfare in the U.S. Competitive conditions in the U.S. economy Production of similar articles in the U.S. U.S. consumers Submissions should be filed electronically. They must be made through the Commission’s Electronic Document Information System (EDIS). You can access EDIS at https://edis.usitc.gov. The deadline to submit comments is eight days after this notice is published in the Federal Register. Confidential Submissions If you want to submit something confidential, request confidential treatment. Explain why the Commission should grant this. You can find more instructions in the Handbook for Electronic Filing Procedures. The Commission will treat confidential documents accordingly. By Order of the Commission This notice was issued on June 1, 2026, by Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission, and filed under the number [FR Doc. 2026-11196]. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Starts Investigation on Energy Drinks Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has opened an investigation into certain energy drinks. This investigation began after Monster Energy Company from Corona, California filed a complaint. The complaint was filed on April 17, 2026. A supplemental complaint was submitted on May 21, 2026. Monster Energy says there are violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The complaint is about energy drinks and their labeling and packaging that are being imported into the United States. These drinks allegedly infringe on Monster Energy’s trademarks. The trademarks involved are: U.S. Trademark Registration No. 6,760,278; U.S. Trademark Registration No. 6,451,182; U.S. Trademark Registration No. 2,903,214; and U.S. Trademark Registration No. 3,434,821. The USITC is checking if these products were sold for importation or sold in the U.S. after importation. They also want to know if there is an industry in the U.S. that is affected by these imports. Monster Energy wants the Commission to issue orders to stop the products from being imported and sold. The Commission decided on June 1, 2026, to start the investigation. They want to find out if the energy drinks are imported illegally due to trademark infringement. The investigation will look at drinks made for sale outside the United States but sold here with trademarks owned by Monster Energy. The complaint named several companies as respondents. These companies might be breaking the law by importing and selling the drinks. Some of these companies are Gig Wholesale Corp., The Elegant Inc., and Hamilton Trading Corp., among others. The Office of Unfair Import Investigations will be involved. They are part of the USITC. The companies named in the complaint must respond. They have 20 days to reply to the Commission’s notice. If they do not reply, they might lose their chance to argue against the complaint. The Commission might issue exclusion or cease and desist orders if they find the companies violated the law. This investigation is important for ensuring fair trade practices in the U.S. market. It aims to protect industries in the U.S. from unfair competition. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Receives New Complaint Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has received a new complaint. This complaint is about systems, devices, software, chemicals, and supplies used to study proteins. The complaint is filed by Seer, Inc. and The Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Inc. The USITC is asking for comments from the public. They want to know if the complaint would affect the public interest. This includes public health and welfare, the U.S. economy, and consumers. The complaint is against Nanomics Biotechnology Co., Ltd. of China. The complaint says they violated section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. They want the USITC to stop some imports and sales of these products. The USITC is also interested in knowing how these products are used in the U.S. They want to know if any similar products are made in the U.S. and if they can replace these items. The USITC will accept comments for eight days after the notice is published in the Federal Register. They will also allow further comments if a decision is made. The USITC wants all comments to be five pages or less. They must be sent electronically through the USITC’s Electronic Document Information System. The USITC will accept no paper filings. Anyone with questions can contact Lisa R. Barton, Secretary to the Commission. If anyone wants their document to be confidential, they must ask the Commission for confidential treatment. This news is important because it affects imports, businesses, and possibly the economy. The USITC uses section 337 of the Tariff Act to handle these cases. This notice is a reminder of how trade laws protect U.S. interests. For more information, visit the USITC’s website or contact their office. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Investigation Launched on Coated Confectionery Products Importation Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Investigation Launched on Coated Confectionery Products Importation The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) has initiated an investigation concerning certain coated confectionery products. This investigation follows a filed complaint under section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The complaint was made by Promotion in Motion, Inc., based in Park Ridge, New Jersey. This step was taken after a supplement to the complaint was submitted on May 6, 2026. Complaint Details The complaint suggests that there are violations regarding the importation and sale of coated confectionery products in the United States. The violations are related to alleged infringements on two U.S. patents. These are the ‘267 patent and the ‘640 patent. The complaint claims that these products are being imported, sold for importation, and sold in the U.S. after importation. It argues that these actions infringe on certain patent claims. Subject of Investigation The products in question are described as “coated fruit snack products” that contain probiotics. These products include fruit centers, coatings, and encapsulated probiotics. The complaint also asserts that an industry around these products is either established or emerging in the U.S. Entities Involved Promotion in Motion, Inc., the filer of the complaint, is located at One PIM Plaza, Park Ridge, NJ 07656. Several entities are named as respondents in the investigation: Cibo Vita, Inc., 12 Vreeland Avenue, Totowa, NJ 07512 Cibo Vita Founders, Inc., 1209 Orange St., Wilmington, DE 19801 New Cibo Vita, LLC, 1209 Orange St., Wilmington, DE 19801 AnaBio Technologies, LTD, 11 Herbert Street, Dublin 2, Ireland Next Steps and Responses Respondents to the complaint must file a response within 20 days. This is to adhere to the Commission’s Rules of Practice and Procedure. Responses are vital for consideration and may impact the outcome of the investigation. Failing to respond might waive the right to contest the allegations and could lead to exclusion orders or cease and desist orders. The investigation will proceed under the supervision of the Chief Administrative Law Judge at USITC. However, the Office of Unfair Import Investigations will not participate in this case. The public can access non-confidential information on the Commission’s electronic docket (EDIS). The inquiry aims to determine if there is a breach regarding the importation and sale of the products outlined. The determination will help decide if further actions like exclusion or cease and desist orders are necessary. Issued by the Commission The notice of investigation was issued on May 27, 2026. Lisa Barton, the Secretary to the Commission, finalized the order for the investigation on this date. For more information, the public can visit the USITC website or contact relevant offices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Allows BYD America LLC to Join Solar Cells Investigation Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) has decided not to review a decision, which is called an Initial Determination. This decision was made by an Administrative Law Judge who allowed the non-party, BYD America LLC, to join an ongoing investigation. This investigation is about certain types of solar products called TOPCon solar cells and their parts. The investigation started on March 30, 2026. It is based on a complaint made by First Solar, Inc. from Phoenix, Arizona. This company accused other companies of breaking U.S. trade laws. They said these companies imported and sold TOPCon solar cells and related products in the U.S. This allegedly violated certain U.S. patent laws. This specific patent, known as the ‘074 patent, is at the heart of the issue. First Solar claims that the patent was infringed upon. The company also says that an industry in the U.S. is in the process of being formed or is already formed around this technology. Many companies have been named in this investigation. These companies are located in various countries, including the United States, Germany, Canada, China, Thailand, India, Jordan, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Japan. The Office of Unfair Import Investigations is also involved in the investigation. BYD America LLC wanted to become part of this case as a respondent. BYD asked to join the case through a motion on April 14, 2026. A motion is like a formal request. Some companies that are already part of this investigation said they do not oppose BYD’s request. First Solar also said they do not oppose it. After reviewing these requests, the Administrative Law Judge approved BYD’s request on April 27, 2026, which is called Order No. 7. Since no one disagreed with this approval, the ITC decided on May 27, 2026, not to review it any further. This decision means BYD America LLC can officially take part in the investigation. The ITC’s decision is supported by laws outlined in Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and additional rules the ITC follows. This entire process showcases the legal and regulatory steps involved in dealing with patent and trade violations involving international companies and U.S. industries. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Reviews Melamine Duties on China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) announced the start of a review concerning melamine imports from China. The announcement was made in the Federal Register, Volume 91, Number 104, published on June 1, 2026. The investigation, identified as Nos. 701-TA-526 and 731-TA-1262, is a five-year review. The goal is to decide if lifting duties on melamine from China would harm U.S. producers. Background In 2015, the U.S. Department of Commerce placed duties on melamine from China. This was to counter unfair trading practices. The purpose was to protect U.S. industries from unfair pricing. These duties were renewed in 2021. The USITC now reviews these duties again. Important Dates June 1, 2026: The review process begins. July 1, 2026: Deadline for responses from interested parties. August 10, 2026: Deadline for comments on the responses. Definitions Subject Merchandise: Melamine products under review. Subject Country: China. Domestic Like Product: U.S.-made products similar to the Chinese melamine. Domestic Industry: U.S. producers of products like melamine. Participation People or companies wanting to participate must file an entry of appearance by June 22, 2026. They must say how they are interested in the case. This could be as U.S. producers, importers, or other stakeholders. Additional Information The USITC will analyze responses to decide if the review will be full or expedited. Parties submitting information must certify it as accurate. Submission Guidelines Responses must be filed by 5:15 p.m. on the due date. Submissions must meet specific criteria related to accuracy and completeness. Importance The review determines if ending duties on melamine from China would lead to harm for U.S. producers. This decision can impact prices and availability of these goods in American markets. Public Service and Ethics A public service list will have names and addresses of all participants. Former USITC employees may participate under certain conditions. Confidential Information Business proprietary information will be protected under specific rules. Only authorized parties may access it. Further Clarifications For further details, interested individuals can contact the Commission. The official USITC website can provide additional resources. Conclusion The USITC’s review is key in deciding the continuation of trade duties for melamine imported from China. This affects prices, imports, and U.S. industries involved. Interested parties must meet deadlines and submit required documents to be part of the process. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

US International Trade Commission Begins Review of Potassium Phosphate Salts Import Orders Estimated reading time: 5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced a new review process involving potassium phosphate salts. This process is to check if changing certain import rules will hurt US companies that make these salts. The USITC is looking at two main laws: the countervailing and antidumping duty orders. These laws were first put into place on July 22, 2010, to control salts coming from China. The latest check of these rules started on June 1, 2026. The rules right now place extra costs on Chinese-made potassium phosphate salts. This makes buying American salts more attractive to US customers. The review will decide if these extra costs should stay or go. People and companies interested in this process must send their opinions by July 1, 2026. They can also comment on the quality of other responses by August 10, 2026. The USITC is defining key terms to help this process. “Subject Merchandise” includes the salts in question from China. The “Subject Country” is China, and the “Domestic Like Product” is similar US-made products. USITC is asking important questions to interested parties. They want to know the impact if these import rules change. They also want to know who makes and buys these salts in the US and other countries. The goal is to make sure that American producers are not hurt by foreign imports taking a big share of the market. Interested parties must submit key data: production numbers, import details, and any changes in market demand. All the information collected ensures the USITC makes the best decision to help American businesses. The review will also include any noticeable market shifts since 2019. Public and private entities can give input if they have facts about these changes. US laws back this review, ensuring fair rules and healthy businesses inside the US. Views from all sides help shape the final decisions to keep the playing field level for US companies. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Revives Review of Lawn Mowers from China and Vietnam Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States Trade Commission (USITC) has announced a new review. This review is about lawn mowers from China and Vietnam. It’s about deciding if some duties should stay or go. The duties include countervailing duties on mowers from China. Antidumping duties apply to mowers from both China and Vietnam. These duties were first put in place on July 13, 2021. Now, the USITC wants to know if taking away these duties might harm U.S. businesses again. The review process began on June 1, 2026. People who are interested need to give their views by July 1, 2026. After that, comments about the responses can be sent in by August 10, 2026. If you want to know more, you can reach Peter Stebbins at the USITC. He can help with more details. His phone number is 202-205-2039. There’s also information online at the website www.usitc.gov. This review is important for companies in the U.S. that make, sell, or buy lawn mowers. They need to tell the USITC about how these duties affect them. They can do this by sending in the necessary information. They should include details like their company name, address, and what they do with lawn mowers. These reviews are done to see if the U.S. industry might be hurt without the duties. This involves looking at imports and prices. If the lawn mowers from China and Vietnam are cheaper, it might negatively affect U.S. producers. Companies must send their information by July 1, 2026. If someone can’t provide the information, they need to explain why and suggest other ways they can help. These proceedings are controlled by certain U.S. laws. The USITC will decide if the duties should remain based on the feedback. This feedback helps them see if not having duties will hurt U.S. companies. The document that tells more about this review is available on the Federal Register. It’s a place where important government news is published. Everyone who wants to take part in this review must do so through the USITC’s online system. There will be no paper copies or in-person submissions. This review is important to see if U.S. businesses may continue to face harm from these imports. Companies can use the information to assess future business risks and opportunities in the lawn mower market. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

International Trade Commission Reviews Antidumping Duty on Methionine Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has begun reviews related to methionine imports. These reviews are important. They concern methionine from France, Japan, and Spain. The reviews will find out if revoking antidumping duty orders would harm domestic industry. Key Dates and Information The reviews started on June 1, 2026. The ITC wants responses by July 1, 2026. Comments on the responses can be sent by August 10, 2026. These steps are needed to make sure all voices are heard. Background Information The Department of Commerce issued antidumping orders in 2021. These orders aim to protect U.S. industries. The orders prevent foreign competitors from selling methionine below fair value. Methionine is used in animal feed to boost growth. Key Definitions Subject Merchandise: Methionine included in the reviews. Subject Countries: France, Japan, and Spain. Domestic Like Product: Methionine products from U.S. producers. Domestic Industry: All U.S. producers of the Domestic Like Product. Order Dates: Dates when the antidumping orders became effective. Participation and Responses Anyone interested can participate. They must file an entry of appearance at the ITC. Former commission employees can also participate under certain conditions. The ITC calls for precise information. This includes data on production, imports, and sales. Participants should also share views on the effect of removing duties. Submission Details Parties must file responses by July 1, 2026. They must also comment on the responses by August 10, 2026. All submissions need to follow strict rules. No paper submissions will be accepted; only electronic filings through the ITC system are allowed. Conclusion The ITC’s review process is important. It will decide the future of antidumping duties on methionine. These duties help protect U.S. producers. The outcome will affect domestic and international trade. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Cut-to-Length Carbon Steel Plate from China, Russia, and Ukraine: Institution of Five-Year Reviews Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced that it has started five-year reviews of cut-to-length carbon steel plate from China, Russia, and Ukraine. This review is to decide if getting rid of the antidumping duty order on these steel plates from China, and ending the investigations on steel plates from Russia and Ukraine, might cause harm again to the U.S. industry. The investigation officially started on June 1, 2026. Those interested in responding to this notice must submit their information to the Commission by July 1, 2026, to be considered. Comments on whether there have been enough responses can be sent to the Commission by August 10, 2026. The USITC is looking for information to see if stopping the current measures would cause more injury to the U.S. industry. These measures have been in place since Commerce suspended investigations in 1997. Since then, the rules have been continually reviewed every five years. People affected by this review can participate by signing an entry of appearance and joining the service list within 21 days of this notice. The service list will have names and addresses of all those involved in the process. Former USITC employees can participate in these reviews, even if they were involved in the original investigation. These reviews are considered new matters for legal purposes, and ethics rules allow former employees to be involved. The Commission can share some business information during the review. Authorized applicants under a protective order can access certain business proprietary information if they apply within 21 days. Participants must provide truthful and complete information. The data might be used by the Commission and other U.S. government employees. All submissions must be filed electronically through the Commission’s Electronic Document Information System. If the Commission doesn’t have a valid Office of Management and Budget number, no response is needed. The OMB number is valid until June 30, 2026. Participants having trouble providing information should inform the Commission as soon as possible, explaining why and suggesting other forms of data. Failure to do so might lead to the Commission making unfavorable assumptions. Domestic producers, importers, or producers in the involved countries may respond using a single form, but must detail information for each affected country. The Commission requires detailed information from all parties. Domestic producers must answer questions about production, capacity, and sales in 2025. Importers must provide information on imports and sales for 2025. Producers in foreign countries should share production and export details. Participants should identify any significant recent changes in supply and demand, or business cycles for these steel plates. Opinions on the definitions of domestic like products and industry are optional, and participants can provide their views on these definitions. For more information or to access public records related to this investigation, visit the USITC’s website or contact Camille Bryan at the USITC. The current investigation follows rules under Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930. This notice is published under Section 207.61 of the Commission’s rules. Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission, announced this on May 26, 2026. The Federal Register document number is 2026-10914, and the billing code is 7020-02-P. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

International Trade Commission Reviews Import Orders on PVLT Tires Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has started a review to check if revoking trade orders on certain vehicle tires could hurt the U.S. industry. This review began on June 1, 2026. The review targets passenger vehicle and light truck tires coming from South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. These tires are also known as PVLT tires. Right now, there are special trade orders that add extra costs to these tires when imported. In 2021, the Department of Commerce placed these orders to protect U.S. tire makers. The orders include antidumping duties on tires from South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. There is also a countervailing duty on tires from Vietnam. The main question is whether removing these extra charges will harm U.S. tire producers. The rules aim to prevent foreign companies from selling tires at cheaper prices than the U.S. market rates. The USITC wants anyone interested to give their comments. They can submit these comments until July 1, 2026, to make sure they are considered. If people want to submit comments about how strong the feedback is, they can do so until August 10, 2026. The review looks at several important parts. These include the possible amount of tires imported, their prices, and the effect on U.S. makers. People who make or import tires, as well as groups of workers, will have their say. Companies and associations need to say who they are and how they are linked to the tire market. They also need to explain if they are willing to take part in the review process fully. Information on who makes tires in the U.S. and how much they make must be submitted. Importers and exporters also need to report numbers about quantities and values of tires. There might be changes to supply and demand since 2021 when the orders started. These changes may affect the decision on whether to keep or remove the import orders. The USITC works within laws to make sure everyone follows fair trading practices. This is to shield U.S. companies from unfair competition that might harm them financially. Any changes to these import rules could affect prices and availability of these tires in the U.S. market. Companies, trade groups, and worker unions have roles in making sure the final decision is balanced. The outcome of this review has potential wide-reaching effects on both foreign manufacturers and domestic producers. The decision must ensure fair competition and protect U.S. industries. Issued on May 26, 2026, by Lisa Barton, Secretary to the Commission. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

US International Trade Commission Reviews on Fluid End Blocks Estimated reading time: 2–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced scheduling for full reviews of duty orders on fluid end blocks from China, Germany, India, and Italy. This decision follows the Tariff Act of 1930. The Commission will assess if revoking these orders could lead to increased material injury in the foreseeable future. The reviews specifically target countervailing duty orders for China and India. Additionally, they address both countervailing and antidumping duty orders for Germany and Italy. On March 6, 2026, the Commission decided to proceed with full reviews. This decision comes after examining the responses to its notice of institution back in March 2026. Consequently, the Commission will extend the review period by up to 90 days. Anyone wanting more details can contact Nitin Joshi at the Office of Investigations. His number is (202) 708-1669. The Commission encourages interested parties, including industrial users and consumer organizations, to participate. They must file an entry of appearance no later than 45 days after the notice is published. All filings should be electronic during this period. The USITC will accept these through the Electronic Document Information System (EDIS) at https://edis.usitc.gov. The Commission allows limited disclosure of business proprietary information under an administrative protective order. Applications must represent interested parties and meet specific requirements by 45 days after publication. The Commission plans to release a prehearing staff report on September 28, 2026. Following this, a public version will also be available. Proceeding further, a public hearing is scheduled for 9:30 a.m. on October 20, 2026. Participants must submit requests to appear at the hearing in writing by October 9, 2026. Participants planning oral presentations should attend a prehearing conference. This conference might be on October 14, 2026. Written presentations must be submitted by October 19, 2026. Finally, all parties may submit prehearing briefs by October 7, 2026. Posthearing briefs and comments should be filed by October 28, 2026. For further guidelines, the Handbook on Filing Procedures on the Commission’s website provides additional details. The reviews will remain open until further decisions are made. The USITC remains committed to ensuring fair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

USITC Begins Monitoring of Fine Denier Polyester Staple Fiber Estimated reading time: 3 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has started an investigation regarding fine denier polyester staple fiber. This comes after the President decided to limit imports of this fiber through a special safeguard measure. This measure, issued on November 8, 2024, was put in place to help domestic industries adjust to competition from imports. The USITC is investigating under Investigation No. TA-201-78 (Monitoring). This is to keep track of how the domestic industry is doing. The investigation was officially started on May 22, 2026. A public hearing is set for October 1, 2026, at the USITC Building in Washington, DC. Before the hearing, those wanting to speak must write to the Commission by September 25, 2026. There will also be a prehearing conference on September 28, 2026. The investigation is important because it involves a product under a safeguard measure, which is a temporary restriction on imports to help local companies. This was done through Proclamation 10857, following a report by the USITC in August 2024. The safeguard started on November 23, 2024, and lasts for four years. Interested parties should know that all filings and information must be submitted electronically through the Commission’s Electronic Document Information System (EDIS). The USITC will send a report to the President and Congress by November 23, 2026. This report will outline how industries are adjusting to the competition from imports. By monitoring these developments, the Commission aims to gather data to present the best advice to both the President and Congress. For those interested in participating or accessing more information, Kristina Lara can be contacted at the Office of Investigations, USITC. Details on submission and appearances are outlined clearly, ensuring that all legal procedures are met. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. International Trade Commission Updates Investigation on Medical Imaging Devices Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) has announced a new update concerning an investigation into certain medical imaging devices. This news is important as it may affect companies involved in the manufacturing and selling of these devices. The investigation began on February 2, 2026. It was prompted by a complaint from MolecuLight Inc., a company from Toronto, Canada, and MolecuLight Corp., based in Pittsburgh, USA. These companies claim that their U.S. Patent No. 10,438,356 was infringed upon. The patent is related to medical imaging devices. The companies accuse two organizations of importing and selling these imaging devices in the U.S. The two accused companies are Kent Imaging Inc. from Calgary, Canada, and Adiuvo Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd. from Chennai, India. The complaint also suggests that the actions of these organizations have affected a domestic industry in the U.S. On May 8, 2026, MolecuLight filed a motion with the ITC. They wanted to add the University Health Network (UHN) as a co-complainant in the investigation. This means UHN would join MolecuLight in their complaint. The reason for this addition is that UHN owns the patent in question, and their involvement could simplify the legal process. It could also help in the discovery phase, which is when both sides gather information to support their cases. Neither the responding companies nor the Office of Unfair Import Investigations opposed this motion. This means nobody objected to UHN joining the complaint. On May 11, 2026, an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) supported this motion. The ALJ made an “Initial Determination” or ID. In this ID, the Judge said the motion by MolecuLight followed all the rules. The Judge agreed that including UHN as a co-complainant would make things easier, especially during the investigation process. The ITC has now decided not to review the ALJ’s initial determination. They have officially amended the complaint to include UHN as a co-complainant. The decision took place on May 22, 2026, and was issued by Sharon Bellamy, a Supervisory Hearings and Information Officer at the ITC. The ITC has the authority to make this decision under Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. This section deals with unfair practices in importing goods into the United States. This update is very important for those following the case of the medical imaging devices. It shows the progress being made and the legal steps involved in such investigations. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

International Trade Commission Begins Expedited Review of Difluoromethane (R-32) from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has announced the start of an expedited review for difluoromethane (R-32) from China. This review will examine if ending the antidumping duty on this product would lead to injury to domestic industries. The review is conducted under the Tariff Act of 1930. The USITC is looking to see if removing the duties will harm American businesses that make similar products. The decision to expedite the review means it will be faster than a normal review. On May 8, 2026, the Commission looked at responses from interested parties. While the domestic parties gave strong responses, the response from the other side was found weak. This led the USITC to decide on an expedited review process. A staff report with more details will be ready by June 24, 2026. After this, interested parties can send in their written comments. The deadline for these comments is July 1, 2026. These comments will help the Commission make its final decision. If the Department of Commerce takes more time for its final results, the comment deadline will be three days after Commerce’s report. Any comments with confidential business information have to follow specific rules when submitted. USITC’s authority allows it to extend the review period by up to 90 days if necessary. This review is part of an important process to ensure fair trade practices. The review by the USITC will help decide if the duties on difluoromethane from China should stay in place. Keeping these duties could protect American industries from unfair competition. The outcome will impact both trading nations and is being carefully assessed to ensure fairness and fair competition. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

United States International Trade Commission Schedules Expedited Reviews For Certain Preserved Mushrooms Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes On May 19, 2026, the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) released a notice scheduling expedited five-year reviews. These reviews are related to antidumping duty orders on certain preserved mushrooms imported from Chile, China, India, and Indonesia. These reviews are conducted under the Tariff Act of 1930. The expedited reviews aim to determine if cancelling these antidumping duty orders will cause material harm to the US market. The Commission announced the review date as May 8, 2026. The Commission assessed the domestic interest group’s response to its initial notice. The notice was published on February 2, 2026. The response was deemed adequate, while the response from the foreign parties was found insufficient. Due to this, there was no need for full reviews. Only expedited reviews will be conducted. Commissioner David S. Johanson decided to vote for a full review, contrary to the rest of the Commission. For more information, individuals can contact Peter Stebbins at 202-205-2039. Hearing-impaired individuals can use the TDD terminal at 202-205-1810 for assistance. Information for those with mobility impairments is available through the Office of the Secretary at 202-205-2000. Additional information about the Commission can be found on their website. The staff’s report will be completed by June 16, 2026. This report will add details to the case file. A public version will be available after the nonpublic version, as per the Commission’s rules. Interested parties in these reviews can submit written comments by June 23, 2026. These submissions must align with the Commission’s procedural rules and cannot include new facts. The USITC’s Handbook on Filing Procedures provides guidance on this process. It was noted by the Commission that responses from Giorgio Foods, Inc. and L.K. Bowman Co. were found adequate. Responses from other parties were not accepted. Each filed document by a participant must be shared with all other parties involved. The USITC recognized that these reviews are complex. Therefore, the period for review may be extended by up to 90 days. This extension is permitted under specific US Code provisions. The Commission’s decision and action are legally supported under the Tariff Act of 1930. This notice was officially issued on May 15, 2026, by Sharon Bellamy, Supervisory Hearings and Information Officer. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.