Federal Register Update: Preliminary Results on Brass Rod from Brazil Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Introduction The United States Department of Commerce (Commerce) has released preliminary findings from its review of brass rod imports from Brazil. This review specifically focuses on Termomecanica Sao Paulo S.A., a Brazilian producer and exporter. Background On June 13, 2024, Commerce established an antidumping duty order on brass rod from Brazil. The current review covers the period from December 1, 2023, to May 31, 2025, initiated due to timely requests. Preliminary Findings Commerce has found that Termomecanica made sales of brass rod at less than normal value during the review period. The estimated weighted-average dumping margin for Termomecanica is 22.07 percent. Methodology The review was conducted according to the Tariff Act of 1930. The calculation involved export price, constructed export price, and normal value. Public Comment Commerce invites public comments on these preliminary results. Interested parties may submit case briefs by following specific timelines and formats. Assessment and Cash Deposit Requirements Upon finalizing the review, Commerce will determine and direct U.S. Customs and Border Protection on duty assessments. New cash deposit rates will be set for shipments on or after the final results’ publication. Next Steps The final results of this review are expected within 120 days of the notice’s publication. Commerce will continue to ensure compliance with established procedures and regulations. Conclusion This review is part of Commerce’s ongoing efforts to regulate international trade and ensure fair pricing practices. Further details and updates can be accessed through the Federal Register or Commerce’s online portals. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Department of Commerce Ends Orders on Walk-Behind Lawn Mowers Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes Department of Commerce Ends Orders on Walk-Behind Lawn Mowers The U.S. Department of Commerce has decided to revoke orders on certain walk-behind lawn mowers from China and Vietnam. This decision came after a review process that found no domestic company interested in continuing the orders. Background and Review Process In 2021, Commerce placed orders to manage the dumping and countervailing duties on walk-behind lawn mowers from these countries. This was to protect U.S. businesses from unfair pricing practices. On June 1, 2026, Commerce started a review to decide if these orders should remain. No Interest from U.S. Companies AxenTech LLC initially showed interest in the review process. They are a domestic wholesaler who wanted to participate. However, they withdrew their interest, which led to no participation from any domestic party. Due to the lack of interest, the Department of Commerce will revoke the orders. What is Covered Under the Orders The orders covered walk-behind lawn mowers with specific engines and features. These lawn mowers are powered by internal combustion engines with less than 3.7 kilowatts. They also must meet certain safety standards, whether finished or not. Impact of Revocation Revoking these orders means that as of July 13, 2026, lawn mowers from China and Vietnam are no longer subject to these specific trade protections. Customs and Border Protection will stop the suspension of liquidation for these mowers from this date onward. Final Note This marks an end to a trade protection measure that was initially put in place to support domestic producers. The Department of Commerce made this decision because no U.S. companies showed interest in continuing the measures. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Reviews Antidumping Duties on Brazilian Brass Rods Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced preliminary findings from the administrative review of antidumping duties on brass rods from Brazil. This review focuses specifically on the Brazilian company, Termomecanica Sao Paulo S.A., which is a producer and exporter of brass rods. Finding Details The review covers a period from December 1, 2023, to May 31, 2025. During this time, Termomecanica made sales of brass rods at prices less than normal value. In simple terms, this means they sold products at lower prices in the U.S. than in Brazil. The estimated dumping margin for Termomecanica is determined to be 22.07 percent. What’s Next The public can comment on these findings. The Commerce Department will take comments into account before making a final decision. Interested parties have 21 days from the notice’s publication to submit written comments. After that, there is an additional five-day period to submit rebuttal comments. Assessment and Cash Deposit Rates If the final results of the review confirm the preliminary findings, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection will be directed to assess antidumping duties on applicable entries from the period reviewed. Additionally, the cash deposit rate for future entries of brass rods from Brazil, through Termomecanica, will be updated to reflect these final results. This new rate will apply to shipments entering the U.S. after the final decision. Impact on Importers Importers need to be aware of these potential changes. Importers should file certificates about the reimbursement of antidumping duties before the final liquidation occurs. If they fail to do so, they might have to pay double the duties. Public Hearing Requests Those interested in a public hearing can submit a request within 30 days after this notice is published. They need to provide their name, contact details, and the issues they plan to discuss. Final Results Timeline The Department of Commerce aims to publish the final results within 120 days, although this could be extended if needed. The review ensures fair international trade and compliance with U.S. trade laws. For more information or to participate, stakeholders can access detailed documentation online through the U.S. Department of Commerce’s electronic service systems. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Ends Trade Orders on Lawn Mowers from China and Vietnam Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has decided to revoke trade orders on certain walk-behind lawn mowers from China and Vietnam. This decision follows a process called a “sunset review.” The sunset review began on June 1, 2026. This is when the Department of Commerce looks at old orders to decide if they should still be in place. The orders being reviewed were first made on July 13, 2021. They were made to prevent dumping and unfair pricing of lawn mowers from China and Vietnam in the U.S. market. During the review, no U.S. company or interested party came forward to express continued support for the orders by the set deadline of July 1, 2026. Without such support, the Department of Commerce can revoke the orders. AxenTech LLC initially showed interest in participating but later withdrew, leaving no domestic parties involved. The Department of Commerce notified the U.S. International Trade Commission about its intention to revoke the orders. This means that after July 13, 2026, the orders will no longer apply. The lawn mowers, which are powered by engines of less than 3.7 kilowatts, can now enter the U.S. without the extra trade duties. Before the effective date, any imported lawn mowers will still be subject to the suspension of liquidation and duty requirements. After this date, the lawn mowers will be free to enter the U.S. without these restrictions. This decision is a part of the regular process to ensure that trade orders are only used when necessary. The revocation allows for the possibility of more competitive pricing and a better market environment for lawn mowers in the U.S. For more information, interested parties can contact the Department of Commerce representatives, Alexander Wolfe or Madeline Robinson, at the numbers provided in the official notice. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Antidumping Duties on Hand Trucks from China to Continue Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States Department of Commerce has decided to continue the antidumping duty order on hand trucks and certain parts from the People’s Republic of China. This decision comes after findings that ending the order would probably lead to dumping and harm the U.S. industry. The initial order on hand trucks from China was introduced on December 2, 2004. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) and the Department of Commerce both agreed that revoking the order will likely cause dumping and result in material injury to the local industry. The Commerce Department reviewed this situation as part of its fourth sunset reviews. These reviews are conducted under section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930, which helps determine if duties need to continue. The ITC also published their findings on August 18, 2026, reinforcing the risk of injury without the order. The order applies to hand trucks made from any material. These hand trucks could be assembled or unassembled and include parts like the vertical frame, handling area, and the projecting edges or toe plate. The order is intended to prevent hand trucks under these descriptions from being dumped in the U.S. market. Specific exclusions to this order include small utility carts for personal bags, motorized hand trucks, and vertical carriers for golf bags. As a result of the findings by both the Commerce Department and the ITC, the antidumping duty order remains effective as of August 18, 2026. Importers will need to continue making antidumping cash deposits for these products. The next review of this order is expected to happen before the fifth anniversary of the most recent ITC determination. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Subsidies for Austrian Oil Country Tubular Goods Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has issued a preliminary determination concerning oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from Austria. The agency has found that producers and exporters in Austria are receiving countervailable subsidies. The investigation scrutinized the period from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. A countervailable subsidy is when a government provides financial help to its businesses, making their products cheaper for international buyers. The investigation started on April 28, 2026. The preliminary determination was postponed from an earlier date and released on August 31, 2026. The Commerce Department used specific criteria to measure if a subsidy existed. They looked into financial contributions by the Austrian authorities and checked if these provided any benefits to the companies. The investigation is linked to another inquiry concerning unfair pricing practices. The Commerce Department intends to align its final countervailing duty determination with the final results of the related antidumping investigation. Voestalpine Tubulars GmbH & Co KG from Austria, the primary company examined, was found to have a 10.17% subsidy rate. This same rate applies to all other Austrian exporters and producers of OCTG. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection will suspend any imports of these goods from September 3, 2026, marking the date of this notice. An equivalent cash deposit is also required from importers. Any interested parties have a chance to comment before final decisions are made. The U.S. International Trade Commission will be notified and will assess if these imports harm U.S. industry. If the final ruling is affirmative, measures will be in place to protect the U.S. markets. The full scope of the investigation covers any OCTG from Austria. These are hollow steel products like casing and tubing used in oil and gas. Certain products, such as those containing more than 10.5% chromium, are excluded. The investigation ensures fair trade practices, protecting domestic industries from unfair foreign competition. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Releases Preliminary Results for Antidumping Review on Spanish Steel Flanges Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has released its preliminary findings for the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on finished carbon steel flanges from Spain. The review covers the period from June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. The Department of Commerce found that the Spanish producer and exporter, ULMA Forja, S.Coop, sold these flanges in the United States at prices less than normal value. The preliminary results reveal a weighted-average dumping margin of 1.22 percent for ULMA during the review period. The Department conducted this review under the Tariff Act of 1930. Commerce calculated export prices and normal value according to this law. Interest parties may comment on these preliminary results. Commerce will accept comments seven days after the last verification report in the review. For any questions, people can contact Mason Harkleroad at the International Trade Administration with the phone number (202) 482-0905. Additionally, petitions showed interest in Commerce verifying ULMA’s questionnaire responses. The Department plans to verify the information in the final results. If ULMA’s margin stays above zero in the final results, Commerce will calculate specific assessment rates for imports. Duties will be adjusted based on the margin found. Cash deposit requirements have also been set. After final results are announced, the cash deposit rate for ULMA will reflect the final dumping margin percentage if it is above de minimis. If the rate is de minimis, no deposit will be required. Previously reviewed firms maintain existing rates, and others will continue at the rate of 18.81 percent. Commerce aims to provide the final review results within 120 days of these preliminary findings. This review is crucial to ensure fair trading practices by monitoring dumping activities. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Correction to Antidumping Duty Review on Stainless Steel Flanges from India Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced a correction regarding the administrative review of stainless steel flanges imported from India. On August 20, 2026, Commerce published the final results of its 2023-2024 review of these products. A mistake was made in the name of a company involved in this review. The correct name is “Viraj Profiles Private Limited,” previously listed as “Viraj Profiles Limited.” The review involved a group of companies known as the BFN/Viraj collective entity. These companies include: BFN Forgings Private Limited Flanschen werk Bebitz GmbH Viraj Alloys, Ltd. Viraj Forgings, Ltd. Viraj Impoexpo, Ltd. Viraj Profiles Private Limited The Department has confirmed that “Viraj Profiles Private Limited” is the successor in interest to “Viraj Profiles Limited.” No comments were made about this correction. Thus, Commerce maintains its decision that Viraj Profiles Private Limited takes over the role of Viraj Profiles Limited. The Commerce’s findings are important. They help ensure fair trade practices and protect domestic industries from unfair pricing in international trade. This correction is made to ensure accurate information in official records. The details of this review and correction were published by the Federal Register on September 3, 2026. This notification is made under sections 751(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, and 19 CFR 351.213. The announcement was officially issued by Christopher Abbott from the Department of Commerce. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds South African Brass Rods Sold Below Value Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes On September 3, 2026, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced preliminary findings on the sale of brass rods from South Africa. These findings concern a review period from December 1, 2023, to May 31, 2025. Background Information In June 2024, an order was issued concerning the sale of brass rods from Brazil. In July 2025, a review began for the brass rods from South Africa. This was during a time when there were shutdowns in the U.S. government, causing delays in the review process. These delays led to extensions, with the preliminary results finally coming out in September 2026. Key Findings Non-Ferrous Metal Works (SA) (PTY) Ltd., also known as NFMW, was found to have sold brass rods at prices less than their normal value. This means they sold it cheaper than expected or fair. The U.S. Department of Commerce calculated that the dumping margin, or the difference between normal value and sale price, was 19.82%. Next Steps The Department of Commerce is open to comments from interested parties regarding these findings. They have set a deadline for submitting briefs on the case. This is a formal way that people can give their opinions on the matter. After the comments are reviewed, more analysis will follow. A detailed memorandum, called the Preliminary Decision Memorandum, explains these findings further. It is available online for anyone interested. Final Decisions The Department of Commerce will make the final decision after considering the comments and any new findings. These final results will be published, and any duties will be calculated based on this final decision. Conclusion For the time being, the importers of these brass rods will need to use a specific cash deposit rate. The deposit rate will follow what has been established in previous reviews unless the new findings suggest a different rate. This process is essential for fair trade and ensures that U.S. businesses compete on a level playing field with foreign companies. The final review and decisions will help determine the future of these duties and trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Reviews Steel Tubing from India for Antidumping Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce is examining whether some Indian exporters sold steel tubing in the U.S. at unfairly low prices. This review looks at a period from June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. The steel products in question are called “cold-drawn mechanical tubing.” These are special steel tubes used in different industries. The Commerce Department is focusing on two main companies from India. These companies are Goodluck India Limited and Tube Products of India, Ltd. Preliminary results show that both companies sold their products at prices below what they cost to make. For Goodluck India Limited, the unfair pricing is measured at a level called a “dumping margin,” which is 2.73 percent. For Tube Products of India, Ltd., the margin is 4.54 percent. The Commerce Department explained their methods for reviewing these cases. They followed laws and guidelines in their investigation. The department is asking interested parties to comment on these preliminary findings. Companies and individuals must submit their comments within 21 days of the notice. There will also be a chance for responses to these comments, called rebuttal briefs. These need to be submitted within five days after the initial comment period ends. If the findings remain the same after the review, U.S. Customs and Border Protection will charge duties on imported goods to counter the unfair pricing. More details about this review and its methods can be found in the full report on the Commerce Department’s website. The final decision will be made after considering all the comments and inquiries from interested parties. This will also determine what future actions might be needed. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Announces Final Results of Antidumping Review on Steel Pipes from Mexico Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has released the final results of its review on heavy walled rectangular pipes and tubes imported from Mexico during the 2023-2024 period. After a thorough examination, the Department determined that two main companies in Mexico, Forza Steel S.A. de C.V. and Productos Laminados de Monterrey, S.A. de C.V. (Prolamsa), sold their pipes and tubes in the United States at prices lower than normal. This is called “dumping.” The time covered in this review was from September 1, 2023, to August 31, 2024. The results announced on September 3, 2026, showed that both companies had dumping margins. Forza Steel’s dumping margin was 31.23 percent, while Prolamsa’s was 7.45 percent. This review also included companies that were not examined individually. The weighted-average dumping margin for these non-examined companies was determined to be 16.84 percent. The review was conducted according to U.S. trade laws and followed inspections both in Mexico and the United States. These inspections helped ensure the accuracy and compliance of all data provided by the companies involved. The U.S. Department of Commerce announced these findings publicly and has shared the calculations used in this review with the involved parties. The details can be accessed electronically for further transparency. The Commerce has provided instructions for assessing duties on these imports. Assessments will be applied based on specific calculations tied to each company and their sales values. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will follow these guidelines for all applicable entries during the review period. In addition, there are updates on cash deposit requirements for any future imports of these products from Mexico. The new rates, reflecting the results of this review, are applicable immediately. For importers, it is crucial to file necessary documents about reimbursements of duties to avoid penalties. This process helps ensure that all parties involved in the import and sale of these pipes and tubes comply with U.S. trade regulations. Overall, the Department’s actions aim to maintain fair market conditions by adjusting and enforcing duties on imported goods that are traded unfairly. This helps protect U.S. industries and keeps trade competition equal. These findings are part of continuous efforts to enforce trade laws effectively. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Continued Dumping of Certain Steel Nails Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Date: 2026-09-03 The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced the final results of its sunset reviews on certain steel nails imported from five countries. These reviews found that if current antidumping duty orders are removed, dumping would likely continue or happen again. The countries affected include the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, the Sultanate of Oman, Taiwan, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. What Happened: On May 1, 2026, the Department of Commerce started reviewing the orders issued in 2015, which aimed to prevent unfair pricing by foreign producers. These orders concern certain steel nails, which include different types of nails made of steel that are sold in large amounts to the United States. Mid Continent Steel & Wire, Inc., a producer of nails in the United States, took part in these reviews. On May 15, 2026, Mid Continent sent a notice to the Department of Commerce showing their interest in keeping the orders. They met the deadline for sending this notice, as per the rules in place. On June 1, 2026, Mid Continent also provided more detailed responses about the nail imports from the five countries. These responses further supported their stance against letting go of the orders. The Department of Commerce did not get significant responses from the companies in the countries that produce these nails. The Results: The reviews found that removing the current antidumping duty orders would most likely lead to continued dumping. This means that the nails would be sold in the U.S. at unfairly low prices, harming U.S. producers. Here’s a breakdown of the likely dumping margins if the orders were lifted: Korea: Up to 11.80% Malaysia: Up to 39.35% Oman: Up to 9.10% Taiwan: Up to 2.24% Vietnam: Up to 323.99% These percentages indicate how much lower the prices could be compared to fair market value. Next Steps: The Department of Commerce will continue to enforce these orders to prevent dumping. The companies who had access to private information under a protective order must now follow rules to return or destroy this information. This announcement serves as a reminder of their duty to handle this information properly, as breaking these rules can lead to penalties. For further details, the full text of the Department of Commerce’s decision, along with other information, is available online through their official document platforms. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Rescinds Review of Steel Imports from Japan Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes What Happened? The United States Department of Commerce has announced the rescission of an administrative review concerning antidumping duties on non-oriented electrical steel from Japan. This review covered the period from December 1, 2024, to November 30, 2025. On December 8, 2025, the Commerce Department allowed requests for reviews on non-oriented electrical steel from Japan. Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. wanted a review of imports by Nippon Steel Corporation. The Commerce Department started this review on February 20, 2026. Later, Nippon Steel Corporation reported that it did not export or sell this type of steel to the United States during the review period. The Commerce Department found no evidence of any sales or entries of this steel into the United States during this time. As a result, the Department decided to cancel the review. What Does This Mean? The rescission of the review means the current cash deposit rates for duties remain unchanged. These rates will continue to apply until further notice. The Commerce Department will instruct Customs and Border Protection to assess duties on any relevant entries based on the deposit rates at the time of the entry. The instructions will be issued no earlier than 35 days after the rescission notice. Important Reminders This notice serves as a reminder for parties involved in the administrative protective order (APO) process. They must return or destroy any proprietary information disclosed during the review. They need to comply with regulations, or they might face sanctions. Conclusion The decision to rescind the review confirms that no non-oriented electrical steel from Japan was imported into the U.S. during the specified period. This ensures the reliability of the duty system and maintains fair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce’s Antidumping Investigation on Steel Cylinders from India Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Introduction The U.S. Department of Commerce has shared preliminary findings from a review of antidumping duties on certain non-refillable steel cylinders imported from India. This relates to concerns that the merchandise was sold in the United States at less than its normal value. The review period spans from December 1, 2023, to May 31, 2025. Preliminary Findings The Commerce Department has focused on producers such as Bhiwadi Cylinders Private Limited and Sapphire (India) Private Limited, collectively known as Bhiwadi/Sapphire, as well as Mauria Udyog Limited. They found that while Bhiwadi/Sapphire had a zero percent dumping margin, suggesting they did not sell their products at unfairly low prices, Mauria Udyog Limited was found to have a margin of 3.97 percent. Timeline and Method The administrative review was initiated on July 25, 2025, after timely requests for review, abiding by regulatory procedures. The review was delayed due to a government shutdown, causing all deadlines in this process to be extended several times. The final deadline for this preliminary review was August 31, 2026. Impact on Importers Following these preliminary results, the Department of Commerce is set to disclose its calculations and analyses to the interested parties. Manufacturers with zero or minimal dumping margins could see the duties lifted on their imports, while those facing higher margins may continue to have duties imposed until further adjustments. Next Steps and Public Comment Interested parties are invited to comment on these findings by submitting case briefs no later than 21 days after the publication notice. The subsequent public hearings will allow parties to discuss further the issues raised in these briefs. Conclusion This ongoing administrative review highlights the U.S. government’s commitment to fair trade practices. The final results will determine the course of action regarding the duties imposed on these steel cylinders from India, aiming to rectify price disparities and ensure fair competition. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Releases Preliminary Results on Chlorinated Isocyanurates from Spain Estimated reading time: 4-6 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration has announced preliminary results in the review of antidumping duties on chlorinated isocyanurates from Spain. Chlorinated isocyanurates are chemicals used for sanitation, particularly in swimming pools. Key Findings: The Department of Commerce has preliminarily found that two Spanish companies, Electroquímica de Hernani, S.A. and Ercros, S.A., have not sold chlorinated isocyanurates in the United States at prices below normal value during the specified review period from June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. This means these companies are not engaged in dumping, which is the practice of selling goods in a foreign market at an unfairly low price. Review Rescission: The review for another company, Industrias Químicas Tamar, S.L., is being rescinded. This decision was made because there were no entries of chlorinated isocyanurates from Industrias Químicas Tamar that were under suspension during the review period. Without suspended entries, there can be no review. Procedure Details: Commerce started this review on July 25, 2025. However, the initial timeline was affected by a lapse in federal funding. Deadlines were delayed due to a federal government shutdown and backlog issues. The final results were extended, meaning the preliminary findings were announced on August 31, 2026. Public Participation: Commerce invites interested parties to comment on these preliminary findings. The public can submit their views after the final verification report is issued. There is a structured process for submitting case briefs and rebuttals, with strict deadlines in place. Next Steps: Commerce intends to verify the data used in making these preliminary determinations. Additionally, if a company’s dumping margin is finalized as zero or below the minimum threshold, the company won’t face additional duties. These procedures ensure that U.S. importers do not face unfair competition from foreign manufacturers. The review is part of regular international trade compliance activities by the Department of Commerce. This announcement is an important step in assessing whether foreign producers are fairly participating in the U.S. market, ensuring balance and fairness in international trade. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Keeps Trade Protection on Steel Nails from Vietnam Estimated reading time: 5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has decided to keep certain trade protections in place for steel nails coming from Vietnam. This decision was made after the second sunset review of the countervailing duty order on Vietnamese steel nails. What is this about? A “countervailing duty” is a special tax that is put on products from other countries. This tax helps make sure that local producers aren’t hurt by foreign companies that might get unfair financial help from their governments. The review process began on May 1, 2026. The U.S. Department of Commerce checked whether removing the duty order would allow these unfair subsidies to continue. Mid Continent Steel & Wire, Inc., a U.S. nail producer, participated in the review. They showed interest as they are a domestic producer affected by these rules. Interestingly, no other party, including the Government of Vietnam, responded in this review. Because of this, Commerce did an expedited review. Commerce found that if the duty was removed, subsidized goods from Vietnam would likely continue. This finding ensures that the original duty order stays in place. The tax rates will be as follows: Region Industries Co., Ltd. will have a tax rate of 288.56%, United Nail Products Co. Ltd. will have a tax rate of 313.97%, and all other producers will face a tax rate of 301.27%. These rates help protect U.S. industries from unfair competition. It’s important to follow the rules about sensitive business data. If any company got private information during this process, they need to either return or destroy that information to comply with the law. This decision is a part of ongoing efforts by the U.S. Department of Commerce to monitor international trade practices. The aim is to ensure fair competition for U.S. companies in the global market. This report was officially signed by Scot Fullerton, the Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Operations, on August 28, 2026. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Review Finds Continued Risk of Dumping for Welded Line Pipe from Korea and Türkiye Estimated reading time: 1–3 minutes Background The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced its findings from the recent sunset review of antidumping duty orders concerning welded line pipe from the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Türkiye. The review determined that ending these orders would likely result in the continuation or recurrence of dumping. Antidumping duty orders for welded line pipe from Korea and Türkiye were first put in place on December 1, 2015. As required by law, the Commerce Department began a second review of these orders on May 1, 2026. The review checks if dumping would start again if the orders were lifted. Findings The Commerce Department’s investigation found significant risks. It concluded that if the orders were removed, there could be a continuation or recurrence of dumping, meaning welded line pipe could be sold in the U.S. at unfairly low prices. In particular, the department determined that the possible dumping margins — the percentage differences between normal value and export price — could reach up to 6.22% for Korea and 22.95% for Türkiye. Process and Participation Eligible parties, including American manufacturers of similar goods, actively participated in the review process. These parties submitted their intentions to participate in May 2026, meeting the deadlines set by Commerce regulations. However, no submissions were received from respondents in Korea or Türkiye. By June 1, 2026, American manufacturers provided timely and detailed responses, leading the Commerce Department to conclude an expedited 120-day review because no foreign responses were provided. Implications This decision reaffirms the need for continued antidumping duties. The results aim to prevent unfair pricing practices that can harm U.S. manufacturers and maintain fair competition in the market. Next Steps The Commerce Department has published these findings and will maintain the current antidumping measures. This ongoing action is crucial for protecting domestic manufacturers from foreign companies potentially selling below-cost goods. The decision and all supporting documentation are available through the Commerce Department’s Enforcement and Compliance division for public access. The department has reminded all parties involved about their responsibilities concerning the handling of sensitive information under administrative protective orders. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Corrects Error in Review of PET Resin Antidumping Order Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has corrected a mistake in its review of an antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin from Oman. This resin is used to make products like plastic bottles. The review originally covered shipments from May 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, and involved a producer and exporter, OCTAL SAOC FZC. In an earlier report published on May 18, 2026, the Commerce Department said it had made a clerical error. The mistake involved the calculation of costs related to how long products stayed in U.S. storage. The department used the wrong numbers from OCTAL’s cost reports. APG Polytech LLC, Indorama Ventures USA, Inc., and Nan Ya Plastics Corporation, America pointed out this mistake. After checking, the department agreed with these companies and decided to fix the mistake. Now, they will use the correct costs from the most recent database. With the error corrected, Commerce has updated the dumping margin for OCTAL from Oman to 3.02 percent. This means the company needs to adjust the prices of its products sold in the U.S. The Commerce Department wants to display transparency and plans to reveal the corrected calculations to involved parties within five days. They will also inform the U.S. Customs and Border Protection on how to handle duties on imports of PET resin from Oman during the review period. The department set procedures, such as how taxes should be charged when rates are not zero or almost zero. For importers, it is crucial to submit required documents on duties before their goods from Oman are processed. Failing to do so may cause fines. Also, any private information involved in this case must be returned or destroyed as per rules to protect confidential data. The rules on cash deposits for future shipments have changed. The rate for OCTAL will be based on the new 3.02 percent margin. For other companies involved in the production or export of the PET resin, the rate depends on specific rates from recent reviews. The standard rate stated in the original investigation is 7.62 percent. The Commerce Department’s actions highlight its commitment to fair trade practices by ensuring proper calculations and oversight in all antidumping measures. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Court Decision Alters Antidumping Duties on Steel Pipe from UAE Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes On August 19, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT) made a pivotal decision regarding the antidumping duties on circular welded carbon-quality steel pipe from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This came after Universal Tube & Plastic Industries, Ltd. appealed the results of an antidumping duty order that was initially issued in May 2023. The Department of Commerce had previously set a dumping margin of 2.63 percent for Universal, which also includes THL Tube and Pipe Industries LLC and KHK Scaffolding and Formwork LLC. The court’s recent judgment, however, disagrees with this earlier assessment by Commerce. Following the appeal, the court asked Commerce to reconsider its methods for analyzing price differences. Specifically, Commerce was asked to explain why it used different methods for calculating prices for different quarters, while keeping the same method for individual dumping margins. In January 2026, Commerce presented a revised approach for measuring these price differences. The court has now agreed with Commerce’s revised method, yet it resulted in changing the dumping margin from the original 2.63 percent to 3.64 percent for Universal. For those monitoring the cash deposit rates, this decision does not affect current rates, as these rates have been updated in subsequent administrative reviews. Commerce is currently prevented from processing the liquidation of entries imported by Universal during a specific time frame. This hold will remain until all potential appeals are resolved. If no further appeals are filed, Commerce will advise U.S. Customs and Border Protection on how to apply the amended results. They will assess duties based on whether the importer-specific rate is above a minimal level. If the rate is zero or very low, no duties will be applied. This update marks a significant alteration in the handling of antidumping duties for certain steel pipes from the UAE, reflecting ongoing adjustments in international trade regulations. The actions from Commerce and the CIT underline the complexities involved in managing international trade fairness and compliance. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finalizes Affirmative Countervailing Duty on Van-Type Trailers from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Date: 2026-08-31 Source: Federal Register The U.S. Department of Commerce has made a final determination regarding the countervailing duties on van-type trailers from the People’s Republic of China. The Commerce Department decided that Chinese producers and exporters of these trailers receive countervailable subsidies. This determination applies to the period from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. Key Details: The Commerce Department, under the International Trade Administration, is responsible for this decision. Christopher Doyle, from the AD/CVD Operations of the Office IX, is the contact person for further inquiries. The preliminary determination of this investigation was published on June 5, 2026. The countervailable subsidies are found to be provided to producers like CIMC Baowell Industries Co., Ltd. and Qingdao CIMC Reefer Trailer Co., Ltd. CIMC withdrew from participation after notifying Commerce. The Commerce Department used adverse facts available (AFA) methodology to reach the subsidy rate decision. Subsidy Rates: CIMC Baowell Industries Co., Ltd. received a subsidy rate of 134.75%. The same 134.75% rate applies to non-responsive companies. All other Chinese producers or exporters are also subjected to a 134.75% subsidy rate. Scope of Investigation: The merchandise investigated includes van-type trailers and their subassemblies from China. Van-type trailers are enclosed trailers used to carry goods and typically weigh more than 26,000 pounds. Subassemblies like frames, nose wall, side wall, and roof sections are covered. Components include running gear, door assemblies, and coupler assemblies, among others. The investigation applies whether trailers and subassemblies are finished or unfinished and from any processing country. Next Steps: The ITC will determine if the U.S. industry is harmed by the imports. This decision is expected within 45 days. If the ITC finds material injury, countervailing duties will be assessed on imports by Customs and Border Protection. If no injury is found, any deposits collected will be refunded. Conclusion: This determination marks a crucial step in regulating imports of van-type trailers from China, ensuring fair competition within the U.S. market by addressing unfair subsidies. The decision directly impacts all stakeholders involved in the import and export of van-type trailers between these two regions. The matter is now before the ITC for a final decision on whether these imports harm domestic industries. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Determines Sale of Chinese Van-Type Trailers at Less Than Fair Value Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes Background and Process In a recent announcement, the United States Department of Commerce (Commerce) declared its final affirmative determination regarding the sales of van-type trailers from the People’s Republic of China. The agency concluded that these trailers are being sold in the United States at less than fair value (LTFV) during the period between April 1, 2025, and September 30, 2025. This decision was released on August 31, 2026, as per the Federal Register Volume 91, Issue 167. This determination follows a preliminary analysis published on June 15, 2026. Commerce had invited interested parties to comment on their initial findings. The final decision takes into account the issues raised by an interested party, which are detailed in the associated Issues and Decision Memorandum accessible via Commerce’s Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS). Scope of Investigation The investigation centers on van-type trailers from China. These trailers are generally rectangular with a fully enclosed cargo space. The report detailed that the investigation includes both complete trailers and subassemblies, whether finished or unfinished. Subassemblies involve parts such as subframes, door assemblies, and running gear subassemblies. Comments and Outcome Commerce received scope comments from various parties. However, after analysis, they made no changes to the scope of the investigation as detailed in the Final Scope Decision Memorandum. Determination and Implications The determination discovered certain Chinese producers/exporters had a weighted-average dumping margin of 130.86 percent. Commerce will continue to suspend liquidation of entries that fall under their described conditions, instructing U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to continue requiring cash deposits. The cash deposit rate is adjusted to account for export subsidy offsets. Next Steps and Conclusion The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) is set to make its final injury determination within 45 days of this announcement. If the ITC confirms material injury or threat thereof, Commerce will instruct CBP to assess duties accordingly. In the event of a negative determination by ITC, the proceedings will be terminated, refunds of cash deposits will occur, and the suspension of liquidation will be lifted. This determination aims to ensure fair trading practices and address potential harm to the U.S. industry by imported van-type trailers. For further information, parties can consult the Federal Register and various Commerce memoranda for comprehensive details on this ruling. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Reopens Review on Steel Wire Rod from Korea Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce is taking another look at its decision about steel wire rod from Korea. They are reopening a previous review due to new information about possible fraud. Background on the Review On April 7, 2026, the Department of Commerce published the results of an administrative review. This review was about antidumping duties on carbon and alloy steel wire rod from Korea. A company named POSCO, along with POSCO International Corporation, was involved in the review. The initial finding showed a dumping margin of 0.00 percent. Why Reopen the Review? The Department of Commerce found new evidence. This could mean there were false statements in their previous 2023-2024 review and the ongoing 2024-2025 review. This evidence was brought to their attention through a submission during the 2024-2025 review process. Next Steps The Department of Commerce has decided to reopen the 2023-2024 review. They will look at the records and reconsider their initial findings. A memorandum will be issued to guide the procedural steps. This includes timelines for comments and new information from interested parties. Actions with Customs and Border Protection During this reconsideration, the Department will tell U.S. Customs and Border Protection to suspend liquidation of entries from the 2023-2024 review period. Once the review is concluded, new instructions for assessments will be issued. If the cash deposit rate changes and hasn’t been updated by a new review, it will be revised accordingly. Official Notice These decisions and actions are in line with the Federal Circuit Court’s authority for protecting the integrity of administrative reviews. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Court Ruling Changes Antidumping Duties on Japanese Steel Estimated reading time: 3–4 minutes On April 8, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT) made a decision about certain steel products from Japan. This decision changes past results about antidumping duties. The U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) has updated its results after this court decision. Background on Steel Review This decision is about hot-rolled steel flat products from Japan. The period reviewed was from October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019. The original review was done in 2021 by the Commerce Department. In that review, the dumping margin, which is a measure of unfair pricing, was set at 11.70%. Nippon Steel’s Challenge Nippon Steel Corporation, a major steelmaker, challenged the original results. They questioned how Commerce calculated certain sales and duties. Commerce revised the results on a first remand, lowering the dumping margin to 10.12%. Court’s Role and Decisions The CIT reviewed Commerce’s decision twice. On October 10, 2024, the court asked Commerce to explain certain parts of their decision again. Commerce did this and maintained the revised dumping margin. The CIT agreed with this in its final decision on April 8, 2026. Impact of the Decision According to the Timken ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Commerce must publish a notice when a court decision does not align with its findings. This means the revised margin for Nippon Steel is now official, at 10.12%. This publishing is required for legal reasons and informs the public of the change. Future Actions Commerce will not change the cash deposit rate already set for Nippon Steel. If other companies do not have a new cash deposit rate, Commerce will give new instructions for them. The importers affected will have duties assessed on their steel products. If an assessment rate is zero or very low, no duties will be applied. This update acts under laws related to trade, like the Tariff Act of 1930. It shows how global trade rules affect companies and their products. Such court decisions can change how much companies pay in duties when selling products in the U.S. This announcement was made by Scot Fullerton, Acting Deputy Assistant for Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Operations, on August 26, 2026. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

No Shipments of Chinese Hardwood Plywood to U.S. Says Commerce Department Estimated reading time: 3-5 minutes August 28, 2026The U.S. Department of Commerce announced that there have been no shipments of certain hardwood plywood products from China to the United States during specific periods reviewed. This announcement follows a thorough investigation of antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders. The review covered two timeframes: June 17, 2020, through September 25, 2021, and January 1, 2024, through December 31, 2024. During these periods, one Chinese producer was examined, and no shipments were found. The Department of Commerce reviewed comments on its preliminary findings before finalizing its decision. Taraca Pacific Inc., an importer, submitted a brief during this process. No other parties provided additional comments. Hai Hien Bamboo Wood Joint Stock Company was involved in the review. The company confirmed past shipments to the U.S., but only of non-subject plywood, which the Commerce Department agreed with by confirming no shipments of the subject merchandise. The scope of these orders includes hardwood plywood from China. For this reason, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection will not apply duties to entries made by Hai Hien during the reviewed periods. The Commerce Department will continue with cash deposit requirements for future transactions. This means Chinese exporters without separate rates will default to a broad Chinese rate, while others will depend on specific rates previously assigned. Importers must remember to file certificates regarding duty reimbursements to avoid potential penalties. Such compliance ensures the Department does not assume improper reimbursement practices. Parties involved with an administrative protective order are reminded of their responsibilities to return or destroy confidential materials when required. This announcement comes as part of the Department’s commitment to enforcing trade laws and ensuring fair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Court Decision Impacts Trade Ruling on Pipe Fittings from China Estimated reading time: 3 minutes On July 29, 2026, the U.S. Court of International Trade made a key decision. It relates to certain carbon steel pipe fittings. These are called “butt-weld pipe fittings.” The U.S. Department of Commerce had a rule about these pipe fittings. This rule involved products from China. It included products sent to Vietnam for more work. The court said the Department’s decision was not right. The issue began on October 20, 2023. At that time, Commerce decided that rough pipe fittings from China were not finished. Even if they were partly made in China and then continued in Vietnam, they were still not considered finished. Hence, they were excluded from certain rules. Two companies disagreed. These were Tube Forgings of America, Inc. and Mills Iron Works, Inc. They went to court. On January 2, 2025, the court sent the decision back to Commerce. The court said the evidence was not enough. In April 2026, the court asked Commerce to look at other factors. After doing this, Commerce changed its stance. Now, these products are included in the order. This means they are covered by the regulations. The court’s final decision came on July 29, 2026. It agreed with Commerce’s new decision. This means unfinished fittings, partly made in China, and finished in Vietnam, are ruled by U.S. rules. This decision has important effects. The Department of Commerce will make sure to follow the new ruling. This will include guiding customs on what to do. Products that fit these conditions will have liquidation suspended. They will be assessed under new instructions. All interested parties should note this change. The decision aligns with U.S. trade law requirements. It ensures compliance with duties and tariffs on products made partly in China and altered in Vietnam. This official note is now part of the Federal Register, ensuring transparency and public access to trade decisions. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Page Not Found on GovInfo Website Estimated reading time: 1–2 minutes An error has occurred on the GovInfo website. The webpage you attempted to reach cannot be found. When encountering this issue, GovInfo encourages users to report the error. To help resolve the problem, please provide the following information: The URL of the page you were trying to access. The steps you followed to produce the error. Any specific search or browse terms you used. A screenshot of the page where the error occurred. GovInfo appreciates your patience while this issue is being addressed. For more assistance, you can visit the GovInfo homepage or explore their “Search Tips” to improve your browsing experience. If you continue to experience issues, the askGPO service is available to assist with resolving the error. You can reach askGPO at this link. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Citric Acid From India Sold at Less Than Fair Value Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes In an important announcement, the U.S. Department of Commerce has made a preliminary decision regarding citric acid and certain citrate salts from India. The Department found that these products are being sold in the United States at less than fair value. This means that the products are sold for less than they should be, which could harm U.S. businesses that make similar products. Investigation Period and Preliminary Findings The investigation looked at sales from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025. The Department of Commerce began this investigation in February 2026 and had to postpone the preliminary findings, which were finally issued on August 26, 2026. The investigation discovered that one company, Daffodil Pharmachem Private Limited, may have been selling these products at unfair prices. Because Daffodil stopped participating in the investigation, the Department of Commerce had to rely on information available to determine the company’s dumping margin. All-Others Rate Calculated The Department also calculated what they called an “all-others rate.” This is an estimated dumping margin for other companies that were not directly investigated. This rate helps determine what other Indian exporters should pay if they are also selling at less-than-fair values in the U.S. Suspension of Liquidation Following the findings, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has been instructed to suspend the liquidation of these products. This means that the products can’t be sold or consumed until further notice. CBP has also been directed to ask for a cash deposit from importers. This deposit is a specific amount based on the determined dumping margins, to help protect U.S. manufacturers while the investigation continues. Public Comments and Further Process The Department of Commerce is open to comments from the public about these preliminary findings. Interested parties have 14 days to submit their comments. There will be a chance to ask for a hearing about these findings as well. The final decision is now postponed to later this year to give more time for consideration and review. Next Steps This situation is closely monitored by the U.S. International Trade Commission. If the final determination is also affirmative, a decision will be made on whether these imports are causing harm to U.S. industries. This is an evolving story, and both U.S. businesses and Indian exporters are awaiting the final ruling. Keep an eye out for updates as the investigation progresses. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.