Federal Register: Final Results of Countervailing Duty Review on Aluminum Sheet from Türkiye Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Background Information: The review period was from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. The review was delayed for several reasons, including a government shutdown and backlog issues. Despite these challenges, the final results have now been published. Key Changes and Findings: The Department has revised the subsidy calculations for two main Turkish companies: Assan Aluminyum Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. and Teknik Aluminyum Sanayi A.S. The revisions were based on feedback from interested parties and a closer examination of the information on record. Subsidy Rates: Assan Aluminyum Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. and its affiliated companies now have a subsidy rate of 4.28%. Teknik Aluminyum Sanayi A.S. has a de minimis (very small amount) subsidy rate of 0.33%. Other companies not specifically reviewed will also have a subsidy rate of 4.28%. Methodology Explanation: The Department used the rates found during the examination of Assan and Teknik. They excluded zero or minimal rates from their overall calculations to determine subsidy rates for other companies. Cash Deposit and Assessment Information: The Commerce Department will instruct the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to collect cash deposits based on the new rates for future imports of the aluminum sheets. Due to Teknik’s low subsidy rate, they will not require a cash deposit rate. These instructions will take effect as soon as this notice is published. If you have any items under administrative protective order, there is a reminder to return or destroy these materials promptly, keeping in line with the prescribed regulations. These results are an integral part of maintaining fair trading practices and are aimed at ensuring fair competition between U.S. industries and international exporters. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Determines No Dumping of German Steel Blocks in U.S. Estimated reading time: 2–3 minutes In a recent review, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced that German forged steel fluid end blocks were not sold in the United States at unfair prices. This decision covers the period from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. The Commerce Department’s review process began when the Ellwood City Forge Company and others requested a detailed review. The department followed up by checking the sales records of BGH Edelstahl Siegen GmbH, a German company. On April 2, 2026, the Commerce Department shared their early findings. They found no signs of selling these steel blocks below normal value. This assessment was based on careful calculations and checking export prices against normal values. Public feedback on these findings is now invited. People have until April 29, 2026, to submit more information or ask for changes. The department will review all submissions before making a final decision. Cash deposit requirements will adjust based on the final results. Right now, a 0.00% margin was found, meaning no extra charges. If the final margin stays the same, no extra fees will apply for these products from Germany. Importers are reminded to file necessary documents with the Commerce Department. Proper filing ensures smooth future transactions and compliance with regulations. The final results are expected within 120 days of this notice. These will depend on public input and any new facts presented. This decision helps maintain fair competition and legal trade practices between the U.S. and Germany. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

No Review on Swiss Steel Tubing Case by U.S. Department of Commerce Estimated reading time: 2 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has made an important decision about steel tubing from Switzerland. They have decided to stop their review of a rule that could add extra costs, known as antidumping duties, on certain cold-drawn mechanical tubing. These reviews usually help decide if companies are selling products in the U.S. at very low prices that harm U.S. businesses. The period of review was from June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. Why was the Review Stopped? The review was stopped because key companies did not have shipments of the tubing to the United States during the review period. The companies involved are Benteler Rothrist AG, Mubea Präzisionsstahlrohr AG, and Mubea Inc. Since there were no shipments to review, the Commerce Department said there is nothing to assess. Background Information The rule to add extra costs to these types of steel tubing started on June 11, 2018. This was to help protect U.S. steel makers from unfair pricing by foreign companies. The review was set to determine if new assessments were needed. Several U.S. companies requested this review in June 2025. They wanted to check for any possible unfair competition. However, since no imports from the Swiss companies occurred during the review period, the review was canceled. What Happens Next? Right now, there will be no changes to the costs or rules for importing these products from Switzerland. The current rules will stay the same. The Commerce Department will instruct U.S. Customs on how to manage any past shipments. No new costs will be added for this time period. Final Reminders Parties involved in this case should remember to handle sensitive information carefully. They need to make sure they follow all rules about sharing private information, or they could face penalties. This decision is important because it ensures fairness in trade practices while protecting U.S. businesses. The termination of this review means that only past rules and costs for steel tubing from Switzerland will remain unchanged for now. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Correction Issued for Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Review Periods Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce recently corrected a notice about antidumping and countervailing duty administrative reviews. This correction was related to a mistake in the period of review for a specific product. On February 13, 2026, the Department of Commerce published a notice about rescinding some administrative reviews. This notice had a mistake about the review period for a product from Taiwan. The product is boltless steel shelving units that are prepacked for sale. The initial notice listed an incorrect period of review for these shelving units. It originally stated the review period as June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. The correct period of review is November 29, 2023, to May 31, 2025. This correction was officially published on April 8, 2026, in the Federal Register. The correction notice helps ensure that the right information is available for enforcement and compliance processes. The revised notice was signed by Scot Fullerton, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Operations. This step ensures the accuracy of data used in international trade matters. For further questions, Joy Zhang at the Department of Commerce can be contacted. Her contact number is (202) 482-1168. This correction is important for parties interested in international trade regulations and compliance. The original and revised notices can be accessed via the Government Publishing Office’s website. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Finalizes Antidumping Duties on Colombian Citric Acid Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has finalized its decision regarding the sale of citric acid and certain citrate salts from Colombia, determining that these products have been sold in the United States at prices below their normal value. The review covers the period from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024. The decision comes from the International Trade Administration’s Enforcement and Compliance unit. They found that the Colombian producer, Sucroal S.A., sold citric acid in the United States at prices lower than what they charge in their home market. This is known as dumping. The review of these imports began with preliminary results published on August 5, 2025. However, the timeline was extended due to a government shutdown that delayed proceedings. For the designated period, the Commerce Department determined that the weighted-average dumping margin for Sucroal S.A. is 4.69 percent. This means that the difference between the fair market price and the price their products were sold at in the U.S. is 4.69 percent. The cash deposit rate for Sucroal S.A. will be set at this 4.69 percent rate for future entries of citric acid from Colombia. For companies that weren’t specifically named in this review but have been part of previous proceedings, their cash deposit rate will remain as previously determined unless updated in their specific review. The Commerce Department will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection on how to assess duties on the reviewed products within 35 days of the notice being published. This includes assessing duties based on the dumping margin found during the review. If a company did not know their product was destined for the U.S., certain antidumping duties may not apply. This measure helps protect U.S. companies from unfair pricing practices by foreign exporters. Importers are reminded of their responsibility to file the necessary certificates and to return or destroy any protected information as per the regulations. This decision concludes the review process, maintaining the commitment to fair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Turkish Rebar Sold at Less Than Fair Value Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Introduction: The U.S. Department of Commerce has made an important announcement. They have completed their review of steel concrete reinforcing bars, also known as rebar, from Türkiye. This decision is about how much the rebar is sold for in the United States from July 2023 to June 2024. Review Findings: The Commerce Department looked at sales made by certain Turkish producers and exporters. They found that one company, Colakoglu Metalurji A.S. along with Colakoglu Dis Ticaret A.S., has been selling rebar at prices lower than those in Türkiye. This is called “dumping.” The dumping margin they found for this company is 18.87 percent. Background on the Review: This review started after preliminary results were published in August 2025. The review was delayed several times due to factors like federal government shutdowns. But now, the final results are ready. Scope of the Review: The review only covers rebar from Türkiye. The complete list of topics discussed during this review includes how the rebar prices were calculated, and whether certain trade practices were fair. Impact on Importers: Due to this finding, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection will assess extra duties on Turkish rebar coming into the United States. These extra duties will make sure that the dumped rebar does not unfairly compete with U.S.-made products. Also, new cash deposit requirements for future imports are established to reflect the dumping margin of 18.87 percent. Next Steps for Importers: Importers have responsibilities to respond to these findings. They must submit certificates about any reimbursement of duties. If they fail to do this, they might pay extra duties. Conclusion: The U.S. government has taken steps to protect American manufacturers from unfair pricing practices. These decisions show how important it is for trade to be fair and balanced. The review’s results ensure that there are consequences for selling products at less than their normal value. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Announces Preliminary Results on Polyethylene Bags from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Introduction The United States Department of Commerce has published preliminary findings on the anti-dumping review for polyethylene retail carrier bags imported from China. This includes key developments about Crown Polyethylene Products (International) Ltd. (Crown) and Dongguan Nozawa Plastics Products Co., Ltd., and United Power Packaging, Ltd. (Nozawa). Background The anti-dumping duty order for polyethylene retail carrier bags from China has been in place since August 9, 2004. In 2025, Hilex Poly Co., LLC, and Superbag Corporation requested a review of imports made by Crown and Nozawa for the period from August 1, 2024, to July 31, 2025. The review was initiated on September 25, 2025. Crown Polyethylene Products The Department of Commerce preliminarily determined that Crown did not qualify for a separate rate and is considered part of the China-wide entity. As a result, Crown will not be individually examined and remains subject to the China-wide entity rate of 77.57 percent, based on entries during the review period. Partial Rescission of Review Commerce is rescinding the review for Nozawa after finding no reviewable, suspended entries during the period under review. This means that Nozawa will not be subject to additional anti-dumping duties beyond their existing cash deposit rate for the review period. Public Comment and Next Steps The Department of Commerce is inviting parties to comment on these preliminary results. The deadline for written comments is 21 days after the publication of the notice. Rebuttal briefs can be submitted within five days of the initial deadline. Conclusion The Department of Commerce plans to issue final results within 120 days. The results will guide the assessment of anti-dumping duties on subject merchandise entries made by Crown. If no shipments are made during the review period, a rate of 77.57 percent will be applied to relevant entries. Commerce emphasizes the importance for importers to file certificates regarding the reimbursement of anti-dumping duties before the relevant entries of merchandise are liquidated. Future Implications The final results of this review will affect cash deposit requirements for shipments from China entered or withdrawn from the warehouse and remain effective until further notice. Customers and importers must remain aware of these requirements to ensure compliance with anti-dumping duty obligations. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Department of Commerce Corrects Previous Notice on Sodium Nitrite from India Estimated reading time: 1 minute The U.S. Department of Commerce has issued a correction to a previous notice published in the Federal Register. The correction concerns the 2022-2023 countervailing duty administrative review of sodium nitrite from India. The original notice, dated February 24, 2026, inadvertently omitted the partial rescission of the review. The omission involved three companies: Kutch Chemical Industries, Palvi Industries Limited, and Lotus Global Pvt. Ltd. The Commerce Department had analyzed data from U.S. Customs and Border Protection. It found that these three companies had no reviewable entries of sodium nitrite during the period of review. The Department received no further comments or additional information regarding these companies. Therefore, it rescinded the administrative review for these organizations. This correction notice is issued according to sections 751(a)(1) and 777(i)(1) of the Tariff Act of 1930 and 19 CFR 351.213(d)(4) and 351.221(b)(5). For further information, contact Joshua Jacobson at the U.S. Department of Commerce. Telephone: (202) 482-0266. The full correction is available online with the Federal Register www.gpo.gov. This notice is an official communication from the Department of Commerce via the Government Publishing Office. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Issues Antidumping Duty on Float Glass Products from China Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes Introduction On April 6, 2026, the United States Department of Commerce announced an important decision. They issued an antidumping duty order on float glass products from China. This decision aims to protect U.S. industries from unfair trade practices. Background The U.S. Department of Commerce found that float glass products from China were being sold in the U.S. at less than fair value. This means they were sold at prices lower than their normal value. The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) also confirmed that this practice harmed U.S. industries. Scope of the Order The order covers float glass products. These are made by floating molten glass over a metal bath. This process creates a smooth and continuous strip of glass. The glass is then cooled and cut to the right size. The glass must be at least 2.0 mm thick and cover an area of at least 0.37 square meters. Effective Date and Procedures The antidumping duty order became effective on April 6, 2026. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will assess duties based on the difference between the normal value and the export price. These duties apply to products entered on or after July 15, 2025. Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits The U.S. Department of Commerce will instruct CBP to reinstate the suspension of liquidation. This means that the entry of these products into the U.S. will be monitored closely. Importers will need to pay cash deposits based on estimated dumping margins. These margins are adjusted for any subsidies. Estimated Dumping Margins The estimated margins show how much higher the normal value is than the export price. For example, many companies have a margin of 151.29%. The China-wide entity has an even higher margin of 181.54%. Provisional Measures The suspension of liquidation initially took effect after a preliminary determination on July 15, 2025, and lasted for six months. This period ended on January 10, 2026. During this time, free of antidumping duties, the entries can still occur. However, suspension will resume alongside the final determination’s publication in the Federal Register. Establishment of the Annual Inquiry Service Lists Commerce will maintain an annual list of parties interested in the order. Interested parties must file an entry of appearance within 30 days of the notice. This list will help manage and distribute information about the order. Special Instructions for Petitioners and Foreign Governments The Department of Commerce will add petitioners and foreign governments to the list once. After this, they do not need to reapply each year. However, they must update their information as needed. Conclusion This antidumping duty order is a significant step to protect U.S. industries from unfair competition. It ensures that Chinese float glass products sold in the U.S. meet fair pricing standards. This decision highlights the ongoing effort to maintain fair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

New Trade Orders on Glass Products from China and Malaysia Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes Summary of Orders The orders were put in place because Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) found that certain glass products, known as float glass, are being subsidized in China and Malaysia. This means that these products are sold for less than they should be because the governments of these countries help pay for them. As a result, industries in the United States are hurt because they cannot compete fairly. Important Dates These orders are effective from April 6, 2026. That means any glass products imported from these countries may be taxed more from this date on. Product Details The product in question is called float glass. It is a type of glass made in a special way that involves floating molten glass on a tin bath. It’s used in many things, from windows and mirrors to shower doors. Duties and Costs The duties, or extra taxes, that will be collected are based on how much subsidy the products received. For example, in China, a company called Xinyi Group was found to have a subsidy rate of 19.75%. In Malaysia, Xinyi Energy Smart has a rate of 28.45%. These percentages are added as extra costs when the glass products enter the U.S. Suspension of Liquidation Suspension of liquidation means that imported goods are held before duties are imposed. All entries made on or after May 19, 2025, will have duties assessed, except during a gap period from September 16, 2025, to before the final notice publication. Scope of the Orders These orders cover only certain types of float glass. It must be clear or coated and thicker than 2 mm. Some types of glass like wired glass, patterned glass, or glass already subject to other U.S. trade orders are not affected. Monitoring and Lists Commerce will maintain a list called the annual inquiry service list. This list helps track who is interested in the trade orders. Interested parties must add their names within 30 days of these orders being published. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Deadline Extended for Tomato Import Certifications from Mexico Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Introduction The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced an important update for importers of fresh tomatoes from Mexico. The deadline to complete necessary certifications has been extended. This change affects fresh tomatoes imported for processing. Background On February 18, 2026, the Department of Commerce provided clarification. This was about the antidumping duty order on fresh tomatoes from Mexico. Importers were required to use specific forms. These forms are the “Importer’s Exempt Commodity Form” and the “Processing Tomatoes Certification Form.” Certification Process Importers had to complete, sign, and date these forms. They upload these forms to the document imaging system, known as DIS, in ACE. This is the system that handles customs documents. Extension Notice The original deadline required forms for tomatoes imported between February 18, 2026, and April 15, 2026. The new deadline allows more time. Now, the forms can be uploaded to DIS by May 15, 2026. Future Entries For tomatoes imported on or after April 15, 2026, the old deadline still applies. Forms must be completed and uploaded at the time of filing the entry summary. Conclusion This extension is a crucial detail for importers to note. Timely completion of certifications helps ensure compliance with Commerce regulations. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Amends Antidumping Duty on Granular PTFE Resin from India Estimated reading time: 2–3 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has made changes to an earlier decision about the antidumping duty on Granular Polytetrafluoroethylene Resin (Granular PTFE) from India. This change was made to correct a mistake. The review period is from March 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024. The amended final results are applicable starting April 2, 2026. The mistake was found by Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited (GFCL), the main company involved in the review. GFCL said the error was in calculating the U.S. Net price for export price sales. The Department of Commerce agreed with GFCL, saying that an unintentional mistake happened during the calculations. The Department of Commerce has fixed this mistake. Now, the new dumping margin is set at 1.80% for Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited. This percentage shows how much less than the fair value the company has been selling the product in the United States. For all the entries of the product between March 1, 2023, and February 29, 2024, the new margins will be used to calculate antidumping duties. The duties will mainly apply to entries of Granular PTFE that GFCL exported to the United States. The Department will pass instructions to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) about these amended rates. If CBP finds any entries with a zero or very small margin, they might not charge any dumping duties. Additionally, new cash deposit requirements are being set up. These deposits need to be made for any future imports of the product. The rates will be based on different situations about who exported the product and when. The new deposit rates are meant to ensure fair competition. Lastly, importers have been reminded that they need to file some paperwork with CBP. This paperwork is about whether they got back any antidumping duties. Not filing it could lead to paying extra duties. This notice also reminds companies about their responsibility to protect secret business information. The decision and changes were made official by Christopher Abbott, who currently serves as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Finalizes Antidumping Duty Review of R-134a from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States Department of Commerce (Commerce) has finalized its review for the antidumping duty administrative review of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) imported from the People’s Republic of China. This is based on the sales between April 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024. R-134a, a coolant used in air conditioning, was sold in the U.S. at less than normal value. This decision was announced on April 2, 2026. Commerce conducted this review under Section 751(a)(1)(B) of the Tariff Act of 1930. They used detailed information to determine if R-134a was dumped, meaning sold below market value. For the final review results, Commerce identified several Chinese companies involved with the product. These companies include Zhejiang Sanmei Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Jiangsu Sanmei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and Fujian Qingliu Dongying Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. These firms were treated as a single entity, referred to as Sanmei. This review concluded that the dumping margin for these companies is 173.90 percent. This margin indicates how much cheaper the imported product was sold than its regular market value. Changes were made from preliminary results, impacting margin calculations for Sanmei. Commerce analyzed case comments to ensure accuracy and make necessary adjustments. For companies not reviewed in this period, the rate remains 167.02 percent, unchanged from previous reviews. This rate covers companies not explicitly named but included under the China-wide entity. Importers of R-134a must follow specific procedures. If their sales lead to zero or de minimis (too small for legal concern) margins, they will not face antidumping duties. Commerce will instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) about these rates, ensuring correct duty applications. The cash deposit requirements are effective immediately for all R-134a shipments. These requirements help enforce the dumping margin rates. Commerce urges importers to submit a certificate regarding any duty reimbursements. Failure to comply could mean paying double antidumping duties. This case continues to serve as a cautionary tale for international trade, emphasizing the importance of compliance with U.S. trade laws. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Launches Inquiry on Steel Products from Korea Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has started an investigation. This is about certain steel products. These are from the Republic of Korea. The investigation is to see if these steel products are avoiding taxes. These taxes are called antidumping (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD). These taxes are on steel from Korea. Nucor Corporation and Steel Dynamics, Inc. asked for this investigation. They think the steel products from Korea are finished in Thailand. Then, these products come to the U.S. This may be avoiding the taxes on Korean steel. Details About the Investigation The investigation started on April 2, 2026. This is called a circumvention inquiry. The Department wants to know if the steel products finished in Thailand are really from Korea. It also wants to know if these products should count under the Korean steel orders. What the Inquiry Will Look For The inquiry will check if the products are finished in another country. They will see if the work done in Thailand is minor. They want to know if the main parts come from Korea. The Department will also look at things like: Investment in Thailand Research and development in Thailand How much of the steel is made in Thailand If the parts from Korea are a big part of the final product’s value They also want to prevent any evasion of the duties. How the Inquiry Will Work The Department will select producers in Thailand. They will use data from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Comments on this data should be sent within seven days after the Department places the data on the record. Next Steps and Timing The Department aims to make a preliminary decision in 150 days. A final decision will follow in 300 days. They might stop the inquiry earlier if they find enough information. In conclusion, the Department of Commerce is thorough in its investigation. They want to make sure no one is unfairly avoiding taxes on Korean steel products. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Oleoresin Paprika from India Sold at Less Than Fair Value Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce announced a preliminary decision regarding oleoresin paprika from India. The decision finds that this product has been sold in the United States at less than fair value (LTFV). The period of investigation for this is from April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025. The Department of Commerce has been studying the sales and pricing to make sure products are not being sold unfairly. Companies in India, such as Mane Kancor and Synthite, have been looked at closely. It was found that their oleoresin paprika is being sold at lower prices than it should be. The department has asked for comments from interested parties on this decision. They have invited anyone with an interest in this matter to give their feedback. A critical circumstances analysis was also done. This looks at whether the imports from India have caused harm to the U.S. market. The department found that there were no critical circumstances, meaning the imports have not caused sudden harm. A detail noted in the determination is that oleoresin paprika, a coloring additive from India, must meet certain criteria to be considered under investigation. This includes having an American Spice Trade Association value of at least 500 or a color unit value of at least 20,000. The estimated dumping margins for these companies are 3.33% for Mane Kancor and 5.66% for Synthite. An all-others rate, which is a weighted-average rate for producers not individually examined, is set at 4.60%. The cash deposit rates for these companies are adjusted based on possible export subsidies identified in a related investigation. For now, the cash deposit rate stands at 0.00% for both Mane Kancor and Synthite. The Department explained that this will remain until further notice. There is a postponement of the final determination. This means a more extended investigation period, and provisional measures have been extended. The final decision is expected to be made no later than 135 days after this preliminary announcement. The U.S. International Trade Commission has been notified and will determine if the imports from India are harmful to the U.S. industry. This decision will affect how the situation moves forward. For more details or to participate in comments or hearings, interested parties should follow the guidance from the Department of Commerce. The investigation shows the U.S. government’s role in ensuring fair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Government Finds Subsidies on Steel Rebar from Algeria Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has made an important announcement. They found that producers and exporters of steel concrete reinforcing bar, called rebar, from Algeria are receiving unfair subsidies. This is according to a notice published in the Federal Register. The period of investigation was from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. The Department of Commerce checked if companies in Algeria got unfair help from their government. They used the rules from the Tariff Act of 1930. If a government gives money or help that benefits a company unfairly, it is called a subsidy. A company named Tosyali Iron Steel Industry Algeria SPA did not participate in the investigation. The Government of Algeria did not give the requested information. So, the U.S. Department made a decision based on the information they had. The subsidies provided to rebar producers in Algeria mean U.S. Customs and Border Protection will collect extra duties. The rate of this subsidy is 72.94 percent. This means Algerian rebar companies will pay more to export their goods to the U.S. The “all-others” rate, which applies to other companies not individually examined, will also be 72.94 percent. Before this decision becomes final, another U.S. organization needs to agree. This organization is called the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC). The ITC checks if the U.S. industry is harmed by imports of rebar from Algeria. If the ITC finds U.S. industry is harmed, the Department of Commerce will issue a countervailing duty order. This will make sure any harmful impact on the U.S. industry is addressed. If the ITC does not find any harm, the investigation ends. The Department of Commerce and the ITC will continue to work together. They aim to protect U.S. industries from unfair trade practices. If there are changes in this determination, the Department of Commerce will update the Federal Register with any new details. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Federal Register Announces Initiation of Five-Year (Sunset) Reviews Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Background Information The Department of Commerce conducts these reviews to examine the need for continued duties on certain imports. If not reviewed, the duties can be removed. The reviews are called “Sunset Reviews” and are essential for protecting domestic industries from unfair trade practices. Initiation of Review Initiating the review process means the department will assess if duties should remain on different products. The products under review include items like mattresses from countries such as Cambodia, Malaysia, Serbia, Thailand, Türkiye, and Vietnam. It also includes various products from China. Commerce and ITC Collaboration The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) collaborates with the Department of Commerce. Both institutions publish notices about these reviews to keep the public informed and involved in the process. Contact Information For further inquiry about these reviews, the public can contact officials at the U.S. Department of Commerce. Their offices are located at 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230. Participation in Reviews Parties interested in participating in these reviews must follow specific procedures. Domestic interested parties should file notices by specific deadlines mentioned in the Federal Register notice. Electronic Submissions For submissions, the department has set electronic filing requirements. Interested parties must follow guidelines on submitting relevant information, ensuring accuracy, and complying with certification formats. More details are available on the Department of Commerce’s website. Conclusion This announcement marks the beginning of an important review process impacting international trade. The sunset reviews will determine the future of duties on specific products, helping maintain fair competition in domestic markets. The public and interested parties are encouraged to participate actively in these reviews. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Reviews Scope Ruling Applications for Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has received scope ruling applications. These applications ask if certain products are covered by antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders. The Department will issue scope rulings if necessary. The applications were filed in February 2026. The public is being notified as part of the standard procedure. Two specific applications have been highlighted in this notice: Raw Flexible Magnets from China: The products are educational tools like letter magnets and place value disks. These are produced and exported from China. They were submitted by Adams Magnetic Products Co. on February 12, 2026. Hand Trucks from China: The product in question is a heavy-duty industrial cart. It is made from steel and exported from China. American Lubrication Equipment Corporation submitted the application on February 20, 2026. These applications are available for public access online. If the Department of Commerce has not rejected an application within 30 days, it is accepted for a scope inquiry. If the 30th day is a non-business day, the next business day is considered the deadline. If there are antidumping and countervailing duties for the same product from the same country, the inquiry will be on the antidumping record. The Department can apply a scope ruling generally or specifically to certain companies. For more information on filing and participation, interested parties can consult the Scope Ruling Application Guide available online. The public can comment on the completeness of the scope ruling applications. Comments should be sent to Scot Fullerton from the International Trade Administration. This announcement follows regulations set under CFR 19 351.225(d)(3). The Department of Commerce encourages all interested parties to participate in a transparent and fair review process. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Commences Reviews on Antidumping and Countervailing Duties Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce is starting a series of reviews related to antidumping (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD). These reviews are for various products, with some having specific February anniversary dates. The reviews will cover exports from many countries. Some of the countries involved are Egypt, India, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, Korea, Vietnam, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, and China. Each country has specific products that will be reviewed. For example, from India, products like certain frozen warmwater shrimp, sodium nitrite, and stainless steel bar will be reviewed. From Vietnam, frozen warmwater shrimp are also on the list. Italy has stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings under review. In the case of the product from Egypt, the specific product being reviewed is prestressed concrete steel wire strand. From South Africa, lemon juice is under review. The reviews will determine if the dumping duties have been absorbed by any exporter or producer. If duties are absorbed, it might mean the exporter or producer has sold goods in the United States through an affiliated importer. Also, the Department wants to ensure that reviews are done fairly. They will select companies or respondents based on data from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). They may also ask for specific details on sales and exports during the review period. Companies selected as respondents need to complete questionnaires. These questionnaires will help gather information on whether they are separate from government control, especially for non-market economy countries. Commerce has set deadlines for various submissions in these reviews. Parties must follow these deadlines closely to participate in the review process. For antidumping reviews, companies must show that they have no sales if they want to avoid being reviewed. This is possible if there are no suspended entries for a company or entity under review. The Secretary of Commerce, Scot Fullerton, emphasized the importance of this operation. The Department aims to ensure fair trade and protect American industries from unfair practices from abroad. Overall, the reviews are detailed and demand transparency from involved exporters and producers. The Department of Commerce aims to complete these reviews by February 28, 2027. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Makes Preliminary Ruling on Brazilian Dissolving Pulp Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes In a recent development, the U.S. Department of Commerce has made a preliminary determination regarding high purity dissolving pulp imported from Brazil. This ruling, announced on March 25, 2026, suggests that producers and exporters of this pulp in Brazil are receiving unfair financial support. These supports are referred to as countervailable subsidies. Such subsidies can make products unfairly cheap, affecting U.S. businesses. The period examined covers January 1, 2024, through December 31, 2024. The department’s investigation aims to determine if Brazilian producers received government financial aid, allowing them to sell the product cheaper in the U.S. This can hurt American producers. Interested parties are encouraged to provide comments on this preliminary decision. The investigation started on September 8, 2025, after a notice was published. Originally, the preliminary determination was due earlier but got postponed to March 19, 2026. This was due to government shutdowns, causing delays. Bracell Bahia Specialty Cellulose S.A. (BSC) is a company in focus. The preliminary findings indicate that they, along with affiliated companies, have benefited from such subsidies. The calculated subsidy rate for them and all other producers and exporters is 3.67%. The Commerce department has instructed U.S. Customs and Border Protection to suspend liquidation of entries of the high purity dissolving pulp from Brazil. This applies to imports on or after the notice date. A cash deposit matching the subsidy rate must now accompany these goods. The ruling indicates that Bracell Bahia Specialty Cellulose S.A. and related companies received benefits from the subsidies, and a standard rate applies to other companies. Moving forward, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) will also review these findings. If they agree with the Commerce Department’s conclusions, they will decide if these imports harm the U.S. industry. This decision is expected within months. The Department of Commerce remains committed to ensuring fair trade practices, ensuring American industries are not unfairly disadvantaged. This determination is a step towards maintaining a balanced playing field in international trade. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Launches Investigation into Steel Imports from Indonesia Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The United States Department of Commerce has started a new investigation. It is looking into how certain steel products are being brought into the country. The investigation is specifically about corrosion-resistant steel products. The investigation is focused on steel products from Indonesia. These products use hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel initially made in China. The concern is that these products might be avoiding U.S. trade rules. The rules in question are the antidumping and countervailing duty orders on steel from China. The investigation started on March 25, 2026. Two companies, Steel Dynamics Inc. and Nucor Corporation, requested it. The inquiry will check if these steel products are not following the existing rules. The Commerce Department will work closely with other U.S. government offices. They will look at different factors for the investigation. These factors include how the steel is made, investment in Indonesia, and trade patterns. They want to see if the steel is just slightly changed in Indonesia to avoid extra duties. The investigation will also use data from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. This data will help identify which companies to focus on in Indonesia. If any company does not fully respond to information requests, they might face penalties. Starting this investigation means some current shipments could face delays or higher costs. The Department of Commerce could apply existing trade rules to these shipments. The investigation could take up to ten months to complete. This action is to ensure that steel trade rules are followed. It aims to prevent any rule-breaking that might harm U.S. businesses. The changes might affect companies in the U.S. and Indonesia that deal with steel. The U.S. Department of Commerce intends to keep everyone informed. They plan to provide updates and continue the investigation as needed. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Begins Investigation on Vietnamese Steel Circumvention Estimated reading time: 4–5 minutes Background Information This inquiry starts after a request from Steel Dynamics Inc. and Nucor Corporation. They claim that these steel products should fall under existing antidumping (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD) against corrosion-resistant steel from Vietnam. What Are the Orders About? The orders involve flat-rolled steel products. These products might be plated or coated with metals that resist rust, like zinc or aluminum. Such products could also have added layers of paint or plastic coatings. What Is Being Inquired? The inquiry looks at whether steel completed in Indonesia, using materials from Vietnam, is avoiding the duties. The steel products are meant for the U.S. market. If found to be avoiding duties, they will face AD and CVD orders. Steps by Commerce Commerce has guidelines under U.S. trade law to decide if there is circumvention. They look at whether the steel imported into the U.S. is similar to products made in Vietnam, whether the process in Indonesia is minor, and if substantial value comes from Vietnam. They also check if taking steps is necessary to prevent duty evasion. Factors for Consideration Investment level in Indonesia. Research and development efforts there. Production nature and facilities’ extent. Value proportion of the process. The individual factors do not single-handedly decide the issue. Commerce will examine all of them combined to get a complete picture. Looking at Trade Patterns Commerce also examines trade patterns. This includes checking any shifts in how materials are sourced or if trade has increased since the order started. They will study relationships between manufacturers or exports as well. Next Steps and Timeline Commerce will select respondents based on U.S. Customs data. Respondents will likely include Indonesian firms producing the questioned steel. Companies have a duty to provide complete information, or they may face penalties. Suspension Details For products already under suspension due to the orders, Customs will maintain the status quo. If the inquiry finds circumvention, suspended shipments will stay affected. If new items not under suspension are found to skirt the rules, suspension will start from March 25, 2026. Timeline for Decision Commerce plans to issue a preliminary decision in 150 days and a final decision within 300 days. All interested parties will stay informed as the inquiry progresses. Commerce’s decisions aim to ensure fair trade practice and compliance. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Circumvention of Trade Orders on Welded Wire Mesh from Mexico Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes On March 25, 2026, the U.S. Department of Commerce made an important announcement. They found that some imports from Mexico are avoiding certain trade rules. These rules are called the antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders. The decision affects specific steel products. Which Products Are Affected? The products involved are low-carbon steel (LCS) wires. These wires are made in Mexico. After they arrive in the U.S., they are turned into welded wire mesh. This mesh is used in construction. It helps make concrete stronger. The Commerce Department decided that some companies are not following the trade rules. How Did This Decision Come About? The Department of Commerce began looking into this issue in September 2025. They had a preliminary decision. Then, they gave more time before making the final decision due to a government shutdown. This final decision was announced on March 20, 2026. Which Companies Are Involved? One company, Deacero S.A.P.I. de C.V., was found to be avoiding the trade orders. Another company, Impulsora del Alambre S.A. de C.V., was not found to be breaking the rules. What Happens Next? From March 25, 2026, the U.S. will take action to stop these companies from avoiding the rules. All wire shipments from Mexico used to make wire mesh will be watched more closely. The companies must now pay special duties. They also must keep track of what they are importing and prove that they are following the rules. What Are the New Rules? Importers of LCS wire must now follow new rules. They need to show that their products are not avoiding any duties. This is done through certifications. If an importer cannot prove this, they will have to pay the duties. Conclusion This decision affects companies that make and use wire mesh. They need to make sure they follow these new rules. The U.S. Department of Commerce is working hard to make sure everyone plays by the rules. This is how the U.S. is trying to protect its industries and stop unfair trade practices. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Department of Commerce Opens Inclusions Window for Automobile Parts Tariff Process Estimated reading time: 2 minutes The United States Department of Commerce has announced a new update regarding the tariff process on automobile parts. This update comes from the International Trade Administration (ITA). The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is working with the ITA to handle this process. A special time, called the “inclusions window,” is opening for submissions. During this time, people can ask to add more automobile parts to the list under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. The President has given permission for certain duties, or taxes, on vehicle parts. The inclusions window will open on April 1, 2026, and will close at 11:59 p.m. ET on April 14, 2026. This window is the time frame during which people can submit requests to include more parts on the tariff list. All submissions must be sent to a specific email. The email address is protected and needs to be accessed responsibly to avoid errors. The process was established by a proclamation from the President on March 26, 2025. This is known as Proclamation 10908, titled “Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States.” It sets out specific duties on automobiles and certain parts. In September 2025, an interim final rule (IFR) was published. This rule created a specific process to include additional parts. The rule established four two-week windows each year: in January, April, July, and October. These windows are for submitting automobile parts for possible inclusion in the tariff duties. This April’s inclusions window will be open for two weeks. Once the window closes, inclusion requests that are accepted will be available for public comment. This will happen on Docket ID ITA-2025-0040 at Regulations.gov. Before submitting a request, make sure the parts are not already part of the duties list. If you have submitted a request before and have not received a decision, do not submit the same request again. Only submit if you have new important information. Andrew Farquharson, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Manufacturing, provided this update. The document information was filed on March 23, 2026, and carries the billing code 3510-DR-P. For further details or questions, you may contact the email provided in the notice. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Commerce Department Completes Review on Citric Acid Imports from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has completed its review of the antidumping duty on citric acid and certain citrate salts from China. The review period was from May 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024. The review was conducted by the International Trade Administration under the U.S. Department of Commerce. The agency looked at the sales of RZBC Group Co., Ltd., including RZBC Import & Export Co., Ltd., in the United States. It was determined that these companies did not sell citric acid at prices below what is considered normal. The review confirms that the decision remains unchanged from the preliminary results shared in September 2025. There were no comments or disputes concerning the preliminary findings, leading to this final decision without alteration. The product discussed in this review is citric acid from China. The review ensures that the product sold in the United States was not sold at unfairly low prices, harming U.S. markets. The review also covered the “China-wide entity,” a status that involves other Chinese exporters. There was no requirement to review this entity in this instance since no requests were made. The earlier set rate of 156.87 percent remains for the China-wide entity. The final results show that RZBC did not sell citric acid at unfairly low prices in the U.S. during the review period, maintaining a zero percent dumping margin. There were no changes to the original calculations or findings from the preliminary review, so no further details will be disclosed. For this review, there are also implications for duties. Since there was no unfair pricing detected, duties on these products will not be applied for the entries made during the review period. Additionally, new cash deposit requirements will be effective with the publication of the results. This means any new shipments of citric acid from China will follow the updated rules. The Commerce Department’s assessments guide how duties are applied to imports that might harm U.S. businesses. This ensures fair trade practices. The review process and its results are crucial for maintaining fair prices and protecting U.S. industries from unfair trade practices. The entire review and its implications are published for transparency and compliance. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Finds China Gave Extra Help to Some Manufacturers Estimated reading time: 2–4 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has looked at how two Chinese chemical companies, Zhejiang Yonghe Refrigerant Co., Ltd., and Zhejiang Sanmei Chemical Ind. Co., Ltd., received extra help from their government. This help, called countervailable subsidies, was given between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023. Because of this help, the U.S. decided that these companies might have an unfair advantage when selling their products in the United States. The final decision was made on March 16, 2026. The Department of Commerce published the details on March 20, 2026. The companies were checked to see how much help they got from the Chinese government. Zhejiang Yonghe got a subsidy rate of 10.11%, and Zhejiang Sanmei got a 3.02% subsidy rate. This means that they received financial support that could give them an advantage over other companies not receiving such help. The Department of Commerce collected data through a thorough review process. They used the Tariff Act of 1930, a long-standing U.S. law, to guide their analysis. They looked at if the support from the Chinese government was specific and beneficial for these companies. Several extensions were granted during the review to ensure a thorough examination, especially considering delays due to government shutdowns. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will now be collecting these extra duties on products shipped from these companies after this decision. This will continue until further notice. The Department wants to make sure American companies can compete fairly with those abroad. For anyone who wants more information, it is available through the ACCESS system, a place where people can see public government documents. Officials ensure that rules about keeping information private are strictly followed, though. The U.S. Department of Commerce’s actions show its commitment to fair trade, making sure all companies play by the same rules, and protecting American businesses from unfair foreign competition. This detailed look into the countervailable subsidies is a clear example of ongoing efforts to ensure fair competition globally. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Department Reviews Korean Steel Pipes and Tubes Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Review Background The antidumping duty order on these products was first published by Commerce on September 13, 2016. In October 2024, following requests for review, the department started assessing four producers and exporters from Korea. Due to various delays, including extensions and federal shutdowns, Commerce set March 9, 2026, as the deadline for final results. Scope of Merchandise The subject merchandise concerns particular heavy walled welded steel pipes from Korea. The review evaluates if these products were sold in the U.S. at lower than fair value. Findings and Methodology Commerce is conducting the review per U.S. trade laws, focusing on constructed export prices. It confirmed that products from Korea were sold at fair value during this period. Using previously determined rates as references, it was decided that if zero or low margins were found, a different method could be applied for non-reviewed companies based on recent calculations. For Kukje Steel Co., Ltd., a specific rate of 35.11% was recommended while Dong-a-Steel Co., Ltd. and HiSteel Co., Ltd. were preliminarily found to have a zero percent margin. Partial Rescission of Review The review of NEXTEEL Co., Ltd. is rescinded due to no suspended entries of its merchandise during the review period. This decision was made without opposition from parties. Next Steps Interested parties may submit comments on these preliminary findings. There will be a chance to request a hearing within 30 days. A decision on the final results will follow within 120 days of publication. For companies with no individual assessment, the cash deposit rate depends on the most recent official rates. The final instructions to U.S. Customs will follow 35 days after the final result publication. This preliminary review suggests Korean steel pipe exports are compliant with U.S. fair trade laws, pending final evaluation. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

The U.S. Department of Commerce Initiates Review of Large Diameter Welded Pipe from Canada Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has started a review to look into changes involving large diameter welded pipe from Canada. This review aims to see if a company named Interpro Pipe & Steel Inc. (Interpro) is now acting as the same company as Evraz Inc. NA Canada (Evraz). The reason for this review is because of an antidumping duty order on these pipes from Canada. On March 19, 2026, the Commerce Department announced that, earlier this year, on January 26, 2026, Interpro made a request. They asked the Commerce Department to check if they are the successor to Evraz. This is important because it affects the taxes that Interpro will need to pay when they sell pipes in the United States. The review will look at changes like the company’s name, ownership, and operations. The antidumping duty is a special kind of tax. It is applied when a company sells products in another country at unfairly low prices. On May 2, 2019, the Commerce Department had placed a duty on large diameter welded pipes from Canada. Interpro claims they should have the same rate as Evraz because they are the same business, just with a different name and owner. The Commerce Department will take into account things like changes in management, the factories where the pipes are made, and who sells to and buys from the company. They will check if Interpro is truly different from Evraz. If Interpro is found to be not that different from Evraz, they might have the same duties to pay. This review might take some time. By law, the review should not take more than 270 days unless it is extended. The department plans to publish preliminary findings in the Federal Register soon. This will let people know what they think so far. Everyone interested will then get a chance to say what they think about these results. In conclusion, this review is a detailed check by the U.S. Department of Commerce. It is to make sure that taxes are fair when products are brought into the U.S. from Canada. The Commerce Department wants to see if Interpro and Evraz are operating the same, just under a new name and new ownership. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders on Wind Towers Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes What Happened? The United States Department of Commerce has announced the continuation of antidumping duties (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD) on utility-scale wind towers. These orders affect imports from Canada, Vietnam, Indonesia, and South Korea. The Department of Commerce, along with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), determined that removing these duties could harm industries in the United States. If the duties were removed, it might lead to dumping and unfair subsidies continuing. This could cause material injury to U.S. companies. Why Is This Important? Dumping happens when a foreign producer sells goods in the United States for less than the cost of production or below prices in their home market. Countervailing duties are used to counteract subsidies provided by foreign governments which can make foreign products unfairly cheap. What Products Are Involved? The orders cover certain wind towers made of steel. These towers support wind turbines, which generate electricity. The towers included in these duties are taller than 50 meters and support turbines that produce more than 100 kilowatts of power. Excluded Products Some products are not covered by these duties: Nacelles and rotor blades, even if attached to the towers. Internal or external components not attached to the wind towers. What’s Next? U.S. Customs and Border Protection will continue to collect AD and CVD deposits on these wind towers. The continuation of these orders started on March 13, 2026. The Department of Commerce plans to review these duties again before their next fifth anniversary date. For More Information If you have questions or need further details, contact David de Falco at the U.S. Department of Commerce. He can be reached at (202) 482-2178. This decision ensures that U.S. industries remain competitive and are not harmed by unfair trade practices from foreign markets. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Confirms Subsidies for Indian Tire Producers Estimated reading time: 8 minutes Date: 2026-03-19 Location: Washington, DC The United States Department of Commerce (Commerce) has made a significant announcement. It found that certain producers and exporters of tires from India have been given subsidized support. This happened during the review period from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. Commerce carried out this review under legal rules. These are part of the Tariff Act of 1930. The review takes a close look at companies that make pneumatic off-the-road tires (OTR tires) in India. The review results show specific subsidy rates. ATC Tires Private Limited has a rate of 5.96%. Another company, Balkrishna Industries Ltd, has a lower rate of 0.57%. Other companies under review have a subsidy rate of 3.97%. Why are these rates important? When tires from India enter the United States, there are cash deposit rules. These rules make sure U.S. Customs collects estimated countervailing duties on these imports. The duties match the subsidy rate of the company. The results of this review will now be used. They affect how much companies must deposit for these estimated duties. This will continue until further notice from the Commerce Department. This is not the end for all companies. Some companies were not chosen for individual review. For them, their rates remain as they were before this new review. Each decision is part of a bigger plan to keep things fair in trade between countries. The U.S. government is always working to keep trade fair. It does this by reviewing and checking on imports like these tires from India. The Department of Commerce helps to make sure that the rules are followed. This way, they can protect U.S. businesses from unfair competition. They want everyone to compete on a level playing field. These results are official and based on a complete review. They are important to ensure fair trade and to monitor any financial benefits that companies receive from the government. Keeping a balance in international trade relations is crucial. The announcement shows how serious the U.S. is about fair trade. By making sure rules are followed, it protects its businesses and workers. In addition to these findings, companies must follow specific rules about sensitive information. They must handle information carefully. This is important for keeping business secrets safe. All parties involved are reminded of their responsibilities. They must protect any private information they have during this process. In conclusion, the review by the Department of Commerce highlights the importance of fair trade practices. It plays a key role in maintaining trust in international trading systems. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Commerce Department Finds Portugal’s Navigator Company Sold Paper at Lower Prices Estimated reading time: 4–5 minutes The United States Department of Commerce has made an important decision. They found that The Navigator Company, from Portugal, sold uncoated paper in the U.S. at prices below the normal value. This is called “dumping.” Dumping can hurt businesses in the U.S., so it is closely watched. Review Details The review covered the period from March 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024. During this time, Navigator was the sole company under review. The U.S. Department of Commerce studied Navigator’s sales and found the prices in the U.S. during this time were too low compared to normal values. Changes in Dates The review process had some delays. There was a government shutdown, and deadlines were adjusted. The final results were shared on March 19, 2026. The Department of Commerce moved very carefully to ensure the results were accurate. Final Results The review shows a weighted-average dumping margin for Navigator at 10.91 percent. This means that the prices they sold for in the U.S. were 10.91 percent below normal value. Next Steps for Importers The U.S. Customs and Border Protection will now assess the antidumping duties. Companies importing this paper must be ready to pay these duties on past shipments. These duties will now become a regular part of importing from Navigator until further notice. Rules for Cash Deposits For Navigator, the rate is set at the 10.91 percent as discovered. Other companies not covered by this review but previously reviewed will continue with their last known rates. If an exporter is not part of this review, but a producer is, the producer’s rate will be applied. For all other producers and exporters, a different rate of 7.80 percent is set by prior inquiry. A Reminder to Importers Importers must remember to file a certificate confirming they have not been refunded duties. Not doing this may lead to extra charges as a consequence of suspected reimbursement. Conclusion The Department of Commerce is committed to protecting U.S. markets by carefully reviewing and addressing dumping practices. The rules and assessments will be enforced to ensure fair trade and competition. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Commerce Investigates Circumvention of Steel Wheel Duties Estimated reading time: 2 minutes Introduction The U.S. Department of Commerce has started an investigation into whether certain steel wheels from Vietnam are avoiding U.S. trade duties meant for Chinese products. This move comes after a request from two U.S. companies, Accuride Corporation and Maxion Wheels USA LLC. Background In January 2026, Accuride and Maxion asked Commerce to look into steel wheels finished in Vietnam. They claim these wheels use steel from China and then get sent to the U.S. to sidestep duties put on Chinese products since May 2019. Details of the Inquiry Commerce will check if wheels finished in Vietnam, using Chinese materials, are dodging U.S. antidumping and countervailing duties. These duties are extra charges on imports to protect U.S. businesses from unfair pricing or government support in other countries. Commerce uses several rules to decide if products are avoiding duties. For instance, they consider how much of the product is made in China versus Vietnam and whether the changes made in Vietnam are significant. Process and Next Steps Commerce will collect information from Vietnamese producers and exporters. They will use data from U.S. Customs to choose which companies to question further. The companies involved must answer Commerce’s questions fully, or they might face penalties. Impact on Duties If Commerce finds that these wheels are avoiding duties, they will ask U.S. Customs to continue holding any questionable imports and may backdate the duties to November 2021. Timeline Commerce aims to make a preliminary decision within 150 days and a final decision within 300 days from the start of the inquiry. Conclusion This investigation is an important step to ensure U.S. trade laws are being followed and that Chinese products are not avoiding duties by being finished in Vietnam. The outcome will show whether these wheels should face the same duties as those from China. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Commerce Department Reviews Antidumping Duties on Steel Threaded Rod from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Steel Wheels from China: U.S. Department of Commerce Starts Circumvention Inquiry Estimated reading time: 3 minutes Why the Inquiry Started The U.S. Department of Commerce, through its International Trade Administration, has started an investigation. This is to see if steel wheels sent to the U.S. from Thailand are avoiding taxes meant for similar products from China. Two companies in the U.S., Accuride Corporation and Maxion Wheels USA LLC, asked for this investigation. They believe that wheels finished in Thailand, using materials from China, are being sold in the U.S. to get around extra taxes that should be applied to Chinese products. Important Dates The inquiry is officially starting on March 19, 2026. Companies involved have been engaged since early 2026, with key activities in January and February. Details on the Steel Wheels The wheels in question are used on roads and fit tubeless tires. They have rim diameters of 22.5 inches and 24.5 inches. These wheels can be classified under several codes when imported into the U.S. Merchandise Focus The inquiry will specifically look at steel wheels finished in Thailand using hot-rolled steel from China. These are then sent to the U.S. Criteria for the Inquiry The U.S. law allows such inquiries if products are finished in a third country. They must show traits of products that should be taxed. The focus is on whether finishing the products in Thailand is a minor part of the overall process. Respondents and Process The Department of Commerce will pick participants based on data from U.S. Customs. They will gather information from Thailand about steel wheel shipments and where their materials come from. Effect on Imports The inquiry might change how the U.S. handles taxes on these products. If the products are found to be avoiding taxes, new rules could be applied retroactively. Next Steps The Department of Commerce will analyze data and decide whether there’s circumvention. The next significant milestone will be a preliminary decision in about 150 days from the start date. Contact Information For more details, interested parties can contact Thomas Cloyd at the Department of Commerce. This inquiry is crucial to prevent unfair trade practices and ensure fair competition in the market. The outcome will have implications for manufacturers and trade between the U.S., Thailand, and China. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Finds Antidumping Duties on Oil Country Tubular Goods from Vietnam Estimated reading time: 4–6 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has announced preliminary results on the administrative review of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) exported by companies from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This announcement was made on March 16, 2026. The review covers the period from September 1, 2023, to August 31, 2024. The Department of Commerce found that certain producers and exporters from Vietnam sold their products in the United States at less than the normal value. The main case involves SeAH Steel VINA Corporation, which received a preliminary dumping margin of 12.84 percent. This means the company sold its goods at a price lower than fair value, causing harm to American companies. The review also involved two other companies, Halima Pipe Company (Halima) and Pusan Pipe America, Inc. (PPA). However, the review was rescinded for these two companies. This decision was because there were no suspended entries of their products during the period under review. This means they did not have any questionable sales during the designated time. According to the Department’s policy, a review of the Vietnam-wide entity would only occur if specifically requested or if deemed necessary by the Department. There were no requests for such a review, so the Vietnam-wide entity’s duty rate remains unchanged at 111.47 percent. For all interested parties, the Department has opened a window to submit comments on these preliminary results. Parties are invited to submit their feedback within 21 days from the notice’s publication. This allows stakeholders to raise any points or concerns about the preliminary findings. After the review is complete, antidumping duties will be assessed on all appropriate entries. Duties will be calculated based on the amount of dumping compared to total sales. The intent is to protect U.S. industries from unfair competition that results from foreign producers selling below market value. Importers must comply with these requirements and file certificates regarding reimbursement of antidumping duties. Failing to do so could lead to penalties or additional duties. In conclusion, the U.S. Department of Commerce remains committed to ensuring fair trade practices and protecting the interests of American industries through vigilant monitoring and enforcement of antidumping measures. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Continues Antidumping Duties on Lawn Groomers from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The United States Department of Commerce has decided to keep the antidumping duties on tow-behind lawn groomers and some parts from China. These duties are there to stop unfair pricing that could hurt U.S. businesses. The duties on lawn groomers first started on August 3, 2009. The U.S. wants to protect industries in the country from low-priced products sold by other countries. On March 10, 2026, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) agreed with the Department of Commerce. They said that ending these duties could lead to more unfair pricing and hurt U.S. businesses. What’s Covered The duties apply to non-motorized tow-behind lawn groomers made from any material. Lawn groomers can include lawn sweepers, aerators, dethatchers, and spreaders. These are used to maintain lawns. Lawn groomers usually attach to a vehicle, allowing them to be pulled along the ground. Some have a hitch and a push handle. They may also have some parts that help them work better. The Order includes lawn sweepers, aerators that make holes in the ground, dethatchers that remove dead grass, and spreaders that spread seeds or fertilizer. Size Limits The duties cover lawn dethatchers that weigh 100 pounds or less. Other lawn groomers covered weigh 200 pounds or less. Lawn groomer parts like brush housings and weight trays are also included. Excluded Items Some items are not covered by the duties. These include farm tools like plows, carts, wagons, lawn groomers with motors, and hand-held models. Also excluded are lawn groomers that are more than the specified weight limit and lawn rollers meant solely for flattening grass. The tariff numbers that help identify these items globally are 8432.41.0000, 8432.42.0000, 8432.80.0000, and several others listed. These numbers are for reference purposes only. Next Steps The duties will continue starting March 10, 2026. U.S. Customs will keep collecting cash deposits on these imports to ensure fair market competition. The Department of Commerce plans to review these duties again before March 10, 2031. This will be five years after this latest decision. Parties involved must continue to handle confidential information properly. Failure to do so can lead to penalties. This decision helps protect U.S. industries from unfair pricing practices, ensuring fair competition and supporting local businesses. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Preliminary Results Announced for Antidumping Review on Korean Oil Country Tubular Goods Estimated reading time: 1–7 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has released preliminary results for the review of antidumping duties on oil country tubular goods (OCTG) from the Republic of Korea. These products are essential pipes used in the drilling of oil and gas. The review covers the period from September 1, 2023, to August 31, 2024. The Department of Commerce found that certain OCTG from Korea were not sold in the United States at prices below normal value. This means that the products were not sold at unfairly low prices to undercut local businesses. Two companies from Korea were examined closely in this review. These companies are NEXTEEL Co., Ltd. and SeAH Steel Corporation. The Department discovered that both of these companies had a weighted-average dumping margin of zero percent. A margin of zero percent indicates that there was no dumping, or selling below cost, for these companies. For other Korean companies that were not individually reviewed, the Department set different rates. Most of these companies received a rate of 1.18 percent. However, HiSteel Co., Ltd. received a lower rate of 0.77 percent. Kumkang Kind Co., Ltd. has a much higher rate of 11.70 percent. The results are open for comments from interested parties. This means that people or businesses who have something to say about these results can share their thoughts before the final decisions are made. The final results of this review are expected to be published soon. This process is important because it ensures that all businesses have a fair chance to compete in the market. The new rules about duties will also come into effect once the final results are out. This review helps maintain fair trade practices. It also protects American producers from unfair competition. This ensures that goods are sold at fair prices, supporting companies on both sides of the trade. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Finds China Exporter Violating Trade Rules Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has released the final results of its review on the sale of a chemical from China. This review covered the period from March 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024. A company called Zhejiang Sanmei Ind. Co., Ltd., or Sanmei, was found to be selling a chemical, named pentafluoroethane or R-125, to the U.S. at unfairly low prices. This means they were selling it below what the normal price should be. An investigation started in July 2025 with preliminary results shared in the Federal Register. Important data collection was disrupted due to a U.S. government shutdown during the investigation. This required extensions on deadlines for completing the review. Sanmei has to follow the rules set by the U.S. for antidumping duties. This means Sanmei’s customers must now pay a special fee when they import R-125 from China. The new rate of this fee is 48.67%. Another company, Zhejiang Yonghe Refrigerant Co., Ltd., known as Yonghe, was considered as part of a larger group of companies based in China. This is because Yonghe couldn’t get a separate rate. The group’s rate is high—267.51%—and this rate will remain because there was no special investigation into the bigger group. The Department of Commerce keeps careful records of these investigations. They use a system called ACCESS to store information about these cases. Anyone interested in detailed information can visit their website. These findings have important effects. Now, the companies that buy R-125 from China will need to pay extra fees to bring the chemical into the U.S. This is to make sure that everyone plays fair in business and that U.S. industries are treated fairly by their overseas competitors. The U.S. plans to keep an eye on these companies in the future. This helps to ensure fair trade continues between the U.S. and other countries. It is important for businesses to remember their responsibilities to avoid getting into trouble with the law. The new rules for buying R-125 from these companies in China will start right away. Importers of this chemical must pay close attention to these changes to avoid any issues with customs. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

U.S. Department of Commerce Announces New Trade Orders on Corrugated Boxes from China Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes Washington, D.C. – On March 16, 2026, the United States Department of Commerce issued important announcements about trade with China. The Department has decided to place new duties on certain products from China. These products are polypropylene corrugated boxes. These boxes are special because they are strong and lightweight. They are made using a special plastic called polypropylene. The government took this step after investigations showed something concerning. Some companies in China have been selling these boxes in the U.S. at unfair prices. These prices are lower than what they sell for in China. This is called “dumping” and it can hurt U.S. companies. The U.S. International Trade Commission found that this practice is hurting American businesses. As a result, the Commerce Department is issuing two types of orders. There are antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders. Antidumping duty means the U.S. will charge extra money on these imported boxes. This makes the price fairer for U.S. businesses. Countervailing duty means there will be an extra charge on goods that are unfairly subsidized by China’s government. Subsidies are like financial help which lowers production costs in China. The orders say that U.S. Customs and Border Protection will collect these extra charges. They will collect on all such boxes entering the U.S. from China starting from March 16, 2026. For antidumping duties, they will be checking sales from August 28, 2025. They noted that imports of these boxes from China hurt U.S. industries. These new rules also state the estimated dumping margins. This is how much lower the Chinese prices are compared to fair market prices. For these boxes, the margin is 83.64 percent, which will lead to a cash deposit rate of 82.21 percent. For countervailing duties, the separate subsidy rate is set at 62.27 percent. This applies to various Chinese companies listed by the department. The decision to put these orders in place follows laws that protect U.S. industries. These laws are from the Tariff Act of 1930. The Department of Commerce wants to make sure U.S. industries are fair and competitive. The government also wants anyone interested in these developments to keep up with updates. Businesses and individuals need to check a special list. This list is called the Annual Inquiry Service List. It’s updated every year to include people who are affected or interested. This decision is part of the U.S. government’s larger efforts to ensure a fair and competitive market. It seeks to protect American jobs and industries from unfair foreign pricing practices. For more detailed information, businesses can contact Dan Alexander or Rachel Accorsi at the Department of Commerce. They are in charge of AD and CVD Operations. Their contact numbers are listed in the official announcement. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.

Federal Register Announcement: Temporary Steel Fencing from China Sold at Less Than Fair Value Estimated reading time: 3–5 minutes The U.S. Department of Commerce has made a final decision regarding temporary steel fencing imported from China. This decision comes after an extensive investigation by the International Trade Administration. The main finding is that temporary steel fencing from China has been sold in the United States at less than its fair value. This is referred to as “less than fair value” (LTFV) sales. The investigation looked at sales from July 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. The Department of Commerce also determined that some Chinese companies sold these fences under unusual conditions called “critical circumstances.” This means that they suddenly surged imports into the U.S. under conditions that affected American businesses more than usual. The investigation involves several Chinese companies. Two were looked at closely: Shenzhou Yongao Metal Products Co., Ltd. and Shijiazhuang Sd Company Ltd. However, it was found that they didn’t qualify for separate rate status after all because of issues with verifying their information. As a result, these companies are now part of a larger group collectively referred to as the “China-wide entity.” This group is being hit with an adverse decision because of unfair practices. They now face a dumping margin of 184.27 percent, which is very high. This margin is a penalty that makes the cost of these imports much higher, discouraging the unfair pricing practices. In total, 13 other Chinese companies were investigated as well, and they showed that they deserve a different, separate rate. These companies will face a lower penalty rate of 129.70 percent. The Department of Commerce will work with the U.S. Customs and Border Protection to continue to suspend the liquidation of steel fencing imports from China. This means that these goods will not be allowed into the U.S. market at the current rates until all issues are resolved. The International Trade Commission (ITC) now has to determine if these imports harmed the U.S. industry. If the ITC agrees with the Department’s findings, then an official order will be made to impose these penalties permanently. The penalties mean that Chinese companies exporting such steel products will now need to pay a lot extra to bring their fencing products to the U.S. This action should help protect U.S. businesses from being undercut by cheaper imports. Meanwhile, all involved parties are reminded of their duties to handle confidential information carefully, making sure it is returned or destroyed when no longer needed to comply with regulations. Legal Disclaimer This article includes content collected from the Federal Register (federalregister.gov). The content is not an official government publication. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For case-specific consultation, please contact us. Read our full Legal Disclaimer, which also includes information on translation accuracy.